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प्रश्न
State the order of filling atomic orbitals following Aufbau principle.
उत्तर
Aufbau principle:
- The Aufbau principle gives the sequence in which various orbitals are filled with electrons.
- In the ground state of an atom, the orbitals are filled with electrons based on the increasing order of energies of orbitals, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.
- Increasing order of energies of orbitals:
a. Orbitals are filled in order of increasing value of (n + 1)
b. In cases where the two orbitals have the same value of (n + 1), the orbital with a lower value of n is filled first. - The increasing order of energy of different orbitals in a multi-electron atom is:
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s and so on.
Increasing order of orbital energy
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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The three electrons have the following set of quantum numbers:
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| (i) | (a) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = -2, m_s = - 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = -1, m_s = - 1/2` | |
| (ii) | (a) `n = 3, l = 1, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` | |
| (iii) | (a) `n = 4, l = 1, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` | |
| (iv) | (a) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = +2, m_s = - 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = +2, m_s = + 1/2` |
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(i) \[\ce{Na^{+}, Mg^{2+}}\]
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The arrangement of orbitals on the basis of energy is based upon their (n + l) value. Lower the value of (n + l), lower is the energy. For orbitals having same values of (n + l), the orbital with lower value of n will have lower energy.
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4s, 3s, 3p, 4d
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