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प्रश्न
State the order of filling atomic orbitals following Aufbau principle.
उत्तर
Aufbau principle:
- The Aufbau principle gives the sequence in which various orbitals are filled with electrons.
- In the ground state of an atom, the orbitals are filled with electrons based on the increasing order of energies of orbitals, Pauli’s exclusion principle, and Hund’s rule of maximum multiplicity.
- Increasing order of energies of orbitals:
a. Orbitals are filled in order of increasing value of (n + 1)
b. In cases where the two orbitals have the same value of (n + 1), the orbital with a lower value of n is filled first. - The increasing order of energy of different orbitals in a multi-electron atom is:
1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s and so on.
Increasing order of orbital energy
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संबंधित प्रश्न
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Number of angular nodes for 4d orbital is ______.
Total number of orbitals associated with third shell will be ______.
Out of the following pairs of electrons, identify the pairs of electrons present in degenerate orbitals:
| (i) | (a) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = -2, m_s = - 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = -1, m_s = - 1/2` | |
| (ii) | (a) `n = 3, l = 1, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` | |
| (iii) | (a) `n = 4, l = 1, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` |
| (b) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = 1, m_s = + 1/2` | |
| (iv) | (a) `n = 3, l = 2, m_l = +2, m_s = - 1/2` |
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Which of the following sets of quantum numbers are correct?
| `n` | `l` | `m_l` | |
| (i) | 1 | 1 | +2 |
| (ii) | 2 | 1 | +1 |
| (iii) | 3 | 2 | –2 |
| (iv) | 3 | 4 | –2 |
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(i) Angular quantum number determines the three dimensional shape of the orbital.
(ii) The principal quantum number determines the orientation and energy of the orbital.
(iii) Magnetic quantum number determines the size of the orbital.
(iv) Spin quantum number of an electron determines the orientation of the spin of electron relative to the chosen axis.
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| Quantum number | Information provided |
| (i) Principal quantum number | (a) orientation of the orbital |
| (ii) Azimuthal quantum number | (b) energy and size of orbital |
| (iii) Magnetic quantum number | (c) spin of electron |
| (iv) Spin quantum number | (d) shape of the orbital |
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