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Question
Define biotechnology? Which are the basic principles and process of biotechnology?
Solution
Definition:
Biotechnology refers to the development and utilization of biological forms, products or processes for obtaining maximum benefits to man and other forms of life.
- Biotechnology is based on the principles of chemical engineering, genetic engineering and adequate maintenance of sterile conditions.
- Following are the processes used in biotechnology:
- Repairing of the defective genes or replacing of defective genes by healthy genes or normal genes;
- Artificially synthesizing of a totally new gene
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Why are bio-fertilizers preferred over chemical fertilizers?
Explain the properties of a good or ideal cloning vector for rDNA technology.
Vectors are ____________ molecules that carry a foreign gene and replicate inside the host cell.
Match the List I with List II and List ill. Select the correct option.
| List I | List II | List ill | |||
| i. | Hind III | a. | Agarose ge | 1. | Six base pairs |
| ii. | pBR322 | b. | Agrobacterium | 2. | Selectable marke |
| iii. | T-DNA | c. | Ampicillin | 3. | Elution |
| iv. | DNA | d. | Recognition sequenc | 4. | Transgenic plant |
The following identifies the major features of technology that differentiate modem biotechnology from classical biotechnology.
i. Capability of science to change the genetic material for getting new specific products through rDNA technology, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), microarrays, cell culture and fusion, and bioprocessing.
ii. Ownership of technology and its sociopolitical impact.
iii. Modem biotechnology makes use of only fermentation technology.
iv. Classical biotechnology relies only on principles of plant and animal tissue culture.
____________ cuts the DNA within the specific positions.
What is meant by gene cloning?
A recombinant DNA molecule was created by ligating a gene to a plasmid vector. By mistake, an exonuclease was added to the tube containing the recombinant DNA. How does this affect the next step in the experiment i.e. bacterial transformation?
pBR322, used very frequently in cloning experiments as a vector in E. coli is ______.
Suneeta is planning an experiment to clone a gene in a vector. So, she has to choose a good cloning vector.
Which one of the vectors shown below should she choose? Justify your answer by giving two reasons.
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 |
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| Vector A | Vector B | Vector C |
