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Question
Explain cationic complexes and anionic complexes of co-ordination compounds.
Solution
1. Cationic complexes: A complex in which the complex ion carries a net positive charge is called a cationic complex.
eg. [Fe(H2O)6]Cl3, [Co(NH3)6]Cl3, [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 are cationic complexes. This can be seen from the following reactions:
[Co(NH3)6]Cl3 ⇌ [Co(NH3)6]3+ + 3Cl-
[Fe(H2O)6]Cl3 ⇌ [Fe(H2O)6]3+ + 3Cl-
[Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 ⇌ [Ni(NH3)6]2+ + 2Cl-
2. Anionic complexes: The complexes in which the complex ion carries a net negative charge are called anionic complexes.
eg. K4[Fe(CN)6], K[Ag(CN)2], K2[HgI4] are anionic complex ions as indicated in the following reactions:
K4[Fe(CN)6] ⇌ 4K+ + [Fe(CN)6]4-
K[Ag(CN)2] ⇌ K+ + [Ag(CN)2]1-
K2[HgI4] ⇌ 2K+ + [HgI4]2-
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