1. Aim: To demonstrate that the amount of heat required to raise the temperature depends on the quantity (mass) of the substance.
2. Requirements: Two steel vessels (A and B) of the same size, water, spirit lamp, and thermometer
3. Procedure
- Take two steel vessels, A and B, of the same size.
- Fill vessel A with a small amount of water and vessel B with double the amount of water.
- Ensure the water in both vessels is at the same initial temperature.
- Heat both vessels using a spirit lamp and raise the water temperature in each by 10°C.
- Observe the time taken to heat the water in both vessels.
4. Observation: Vessel B (with more water) took more time to raise the temperature by 10°C compared to vessel A.
5. Conclusion: For the same increase in temperature, a larger amount of water (greater mass) requires more heat energy. The heat content of an object depends on both its mass and temperature, even if the temperature increase is the same.
Temperature is measured in units of Celsius (°C), Fahrenheit (°F), and Kelvin (K). Kelvin is used in scientific experiments, while the other two are used in daily life. The relation between the three units is shown by the following formulas:
`"(F-32)" / "9"` = `"C" / "5"` ---------(1)Some specific temperatures are given in the three scales in the following table.
| Description | °F | °C | K |
| Boiling point of water | 212 | 100 | 373.15 |
| Freezing point of water | 32 | 0 | 273 |
| Room temperature | 72 | 23 | 296 |
| Boiling point of mercury | 674.06 | 356.7 | 629.85 |
| Freezing point of mercury | -38.8 | -39.33 | 233.82 |
