Science All India Set 2 2013-2014 English Medium Class 10 Question Paper Solution

Write the atomic numbers of two elements 'X' and 'Y' having electronic configuration 2, 8, 2 and 2, 8, 6 respectively.

Define heredity.

List two items which can be easily recycled, but we generally throw them in the dust-bins.

"The chromosomal number of the sexually producing parents and their offspring is the same." Justify this statement.

The image formed by a concave mirror is observed to be virtual, erect and larger than the object. Where should the position of the object be relative to the mirror? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer.

Give reason to justify the following: The existence of decomposers is essential in a biosphere.

What is watershed management system ?

List four advantages of properly managed watershed management.

"Energy flow in a food chain is unidirectional" Justify this statement.

Explain how the pesticides enter a food chain and subsequently get into our body.

Draw a ray diagram to show the path of the refracted ray in each of the following cases:-

A ray of light incident on a concave lens is

(i) passing through its optical centre.

(ii) parallel to its principal axis.

(iii) directed towards its principal focus.

A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 48 cm in front of a mirror by keeping the flame at a distance of 12 cm from its pole.

(a) Suggest the type of mirror he should use.

(b) Find the linear magnification of the image produced.

(c) How far is the image from its object?

(d) Draw ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.

A narrow beam PQ of white light is passing through a glass prism ABC as shown in the diagram.

Trace it on your answer sheet and show the path of the emergent beam as observed on the screen DE.

(i) Write the name and cause of the phenomenon observed.

(ii) Where else in nature is this phenomenon observed?

(iii) Based on this observation, state the conclusion which can be drawn about the constituents of white light.

A carboxylic acid (molecular formula C₂H₄O₂) reacts with an alcohol in the presence of an acid catalyst to form a compound 'X'. The alcohol on oxidation with alkaline KMnO₄ followed by acidification gives the same carboxylic acid C₂H₄O₂. Write the name and structure of

(i) carboxylic acid, (ii) alcohol and (iii) the compound 'X'.

What is meant by homologous series of carbon compounds?

Write the general formula of (i) alkenes, and (ii) alkynes. Draw the structures of the first member of each series to show the bonding between the two carbon atoms.

Study the following table in which positions of six elements A, B, C, D, E and F are shown as they are in the modern periodic table:

On the basis of the above table, answer the following questions:-

(i) Name the element which forms only covalent compounds.

(ii) Name the element which is a metal with valency three.

(iii) Name the element which is a non-metal with valency three.

(iv) Out of D and E, which is bigger in size and why?

(v) Write the common name for the family to which the elements C and F belong.

What is meant by 'group' in the modern periodic table? How do the following change on moving from top to bottom in a group?

(i) Number of valence electrons

(ii) Number of occupied shells

(iii) Size of atoms

(iv) Metallic character of element

(v) Effective nuclear charge experienced by valence electrons

List any two modes of asexual reproduction in animals.Under which mode of reproduction is vegetative propagation placed and why?

List two advantages of vegetative propagation.

List any four methods of contraception used by humans. State in brief two advantages of adopting such preventive methods.

"The sex of a newborn child is a matter of chance and none of the parents may be considered responsible for it". Draw a flow chart showing determination of sex of a newborn to justify this statement.

"A trait may be inherited, but may not be expressed." Justify this statement with the help of a suitable example.

Name the parts labelled as A, B, C and D in the diagram given below:

Answer the following question.

What is pollination? Explain the different types of pollination.

Answer the following question.
State significance of pollination.

How does fertilisation occur in flowers? Name the parts of the flower that develop into (i) seed, and (ii) fruit after fertilisation.

Draw a sectional view of human female reproductive system and label the part where

(i) eggs develop.

(ii) fertilisation takes place.

(iii) fertilised egg gets implanted.

Describe, in brief, the changes the uterus undergoes

(i) to receive the zygote.

(ii) if zygote is not formed

List the parts of the human eye that control the amount of light entering into it. Explain how they perform this function.

Write the function of retina in human eye.

Do you know that the corneal-impairment can be cured by replacing the defective cornea with the cornea of the donated eye? How and why should we organise groups to motivate the community members to donate their eyes after death?

Explain the following term related to spherical lenses:- centres of curvature

Explain the following term related to spherical lenses:- principal axis

Explain the following term related to spherical lenses:- optical centre

Explain the following term related to spherical lenses:- principal focus

At what distance from a concave lens of focal length 20 cm, should a 6 cm tall object be placed so that it forms an image at 15 cm from the lens ? Also determine the size of the image formed.

Elements forming ionic compounds attain noble gas configuration by either gaining or losing electrons from their outermost shells. Give reason to explain why carbon cannot attain noble gas configuration in this manner to form its compounds.

Name the type of bonds formed in ionic compounds and in the compounds formed by carbon.

Give reason why carbon compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity.

A student focused the Sun rays using an optical device 'X' on a screen S as shown.

From this it may be concluded that the device 'X' is a (select the correct option)

(A) Convex lens of focal length 10 cm.

(B) Convex lens of radius of curvature 20 cm.

(C) Convex lens of focal length 20 cm.

(D) Concave mirror of focal length 20 cm.

A student has obtained an image of a well-illuminated distant object on a screen to determine the focal length, F1of the given spherical mirror. The teacher then gave him another mirror of focal length, F2 and asked him to obtain a focused image of the same object on the same screen. The student found that in order to focus the same object using the second mirror, he has to move the mirror away from the screen. From this observation, it may be concluded that both the spherical mirrors given to the student were (select the correct option)

(A) Concave and F₁ < F₂

(B) Concave and F₁ > F₂

(C) Convex and F₁ < F₂

(D) Convex and F₁ > F₂

A student is using a convex lens of focal length 18 cm to study the image formation by it for the various positions of the object. He observes that when he places the object at 27 cm, the location of the image is at 54 cm on the other side of the lens. Identify from the following diagram the three rays that are obeying the laws of refraction and may be used to draw the corresponding ray diagram.

(A) 1, 2 and 4

(B) 1, 3 and 5

(C) 2, 4 and 5

(D) 2, 3 and 4

A student is using a convex lens of focal length 10 cm to study the image formation by a convex lens for the various positions of the object. In one of his observations, he may observe that when the object is placed at a distance of 20 cm from the lens, its image is formed at (select the correct option)

(A) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and erect.

(B) 40 cm on the other side of the lens and is magnified, real and inverted.

(C) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, real and inverted.

(D) 20 cm on the other side of the lens and is of the same size, virtual and erect.

In the following diagram, the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism is shown:

In this diagram the angle of incidence, the angle of emergence and the angle of deviation respectively are (select the correct option):

(A) X, R and T

(B) Y, Q and T

(C) X, Q and P

(D) Y, Q and P

Study the following diagrams in which the path of a ray of light passing through a glass prism as traced by four students P, Q, R and S is shown:

The student who has traced the path correctly is

(A) P

(B) Q

(C) R

(D) S

A student traces the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab and marks the angle of incidence i, angle of refraction r and angle of emergence e, as shown.

The correctly marked angle(s) is/are

(A) ∠ i only

(B) ∠ e only

(C) ∠ r only

(D) ∠ i and ∠ e

After tracing the path of a ray of light passing through a rectangular glass slab for four different values of the angle of incidence, a student reported his observations in tabular form as given below:

The best observation is

(A) I

(B) II

(C) III

(D) IV

In the following diagram showing the structure of embryo of a dicot seed, what are the parts marked I, II and III sequentially?

Plumule, Cotyledon, Radicle

Plumule, Radicle, Cotyledon

Cotyledon, Plumule, Radicle

Radicle, Plumule, Cotyledon

Which of the following pairs of two vegetables represent the correct homologous structures?

(A) Sweet potato and potato

(B) Sweet potato and tomato

(C) Carrot and potato

(D) Radish and carrot

Study the following statements:-

I. Wings of birds and wings of bats are homologous organs.

II. Wings of birds and wings of insects are modified forelimbs.

III. Wings of birds and wings of insects are analogous organs.

IV. Wings of birds and forelimbs of horse are homologous organs.

The correct statements are

(A) I and II

(B) II and III

(C) III and IV

(D) I and IV

When you study a slide showing different stages of budding in yeast, you observe the following stages:-

I. The bud may get separated from the parent body and develop into a new individual.

II. The body of the bud develops and gives rise to another baby bud.

III. A bud comes out in any direction from the body of the parent cell.

IV. Thus they may form a colony.

The proper sequence of the above stages is

(A) II, I, III, IV

(B) II, III, I, IV

(C) III, II, l, IV

(D) III, I, II, IV

A student has to focus his compound microscope to observe a prepared slide showing different stages of binary fission in Amoeba. The steps he is likely to follow are listed below in a haphazard manner:

I. Adjust the diaphragm and the mirror of the microscope so that sufficient light may enter to illuminate the slide.

II. Fix the slide on the stage carefully.

III. Adjust the microscope to high power and focus.

IV. Adjust the microscope to low power and focus.

The correct sequence of the above steps to observe the slide under the microscope is

(A) I, II, IV, III

(B) II, I, IV, III

(C) II, IV, I, III

(D) I, IV, II, III

In a locality, hard water, required for an experiment, is not available. However, the following salts are available in the school laboratory:

1. Sodium sulphate

2. Calcium sulphate

3. Magnesium chloride

4. Sodium chloride

5. Calcium chloride

6. Potassium sulphate

Which of the above salts may be dissolved in water to obtain hard water for the experiment?

(A) 2, 3 and 5

(B) 1, 2 and 5

(C) 1, 2, 4 and 6

(D) 3 and 5 only

A student takes about 2 mL ethanoic acid in a dry test tube and adds a pinch of sodium hydrogen carbonate to it. He reports the following observations:

I. Immediately a colourless and odourless gas evolves with a brisk effervescence.

II. The gas turns lime water milky when passed through it.

III. The gas burns with an explosion when a burning splinter is brought near it.

IV. The gas extinguishes the burning splinter that is brought near it.

The correct observations are

(A) I, II and III

(B) II, III and IV

(C) III, IV and I

(D) I, II and IV

In an experiment to study the properties of ethanoic acid, a student takes about 3 mL of ethanoic acid in a dry test tube. He adds an equal amount of distilled water to it and shakes the test tube well. After some time he is likely to observe that

(A) a colloid is formed in the test tube.

(B) the ethanoic acid dissolves readily in water.

(C) the solution becomes light orange.

(D) water floats over the surface of ethanoic acid.

We need 20% aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide for the study of saponification reaction. When we open the lid of the bottle containing solid sodium hydroxide we observe it in which form?

(A) Colourless transparent beads

(B) Small white beads

(C) White pellets/flakes

(D) Fine white powder

While studying saponification reaction, a student measures the temperature of the reaction mixture and also finds its nature using blue/red litmus paper. On the basis of his observations the correct conclusion would be

(A) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is acidic.

(B) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is acidic.

(C) the reaction is endothermic and the reaction mixture is basic.

(D) the reaction is exothermic and the reaction mixture is basic.