Samacheer Kalvi solutions for Physics - Volume 1 and 2 [English] Class 12 TN Board chapter 1 - Electrostatics [Latest edition]

Two identical point charges of magnitude –q are fixed as shown in the figure below. A third charge +q is placed midway between the two charges at the point P. Suppose this charge +q is displaced a small distance from the point P in the directions indicated by the arrows, in which direction(s) will +q be stable with respect to the displacement?

Which charge configuration produces a uniform electric field?

What is the ratio of the charges `|"q"_1/"q"_2|` for the following electric field line pattern?

An electric dipole is placed at an alignment angle of 30° with an electric field of 2 × 10⁵ NC^-1. It experiences a torque equal to 8 Nm. The charge on the dipole if the dipole length is lcm is ______.

Four Gaussian surfaces are given below with charges inside each Gaussian surface. Rank the electric flux through each Gaussian surface in increasing order.

The total electric flux for the following closed surface which is kept inside water

Two identical conducting balls having positive charges q₁ and q₂ are separated by a center to center distance r. If they are made to touch each other and then separated to the same distance, the force between them will be ______.

Rank the electrostatic potential energies for the given system of charges in increasing order.

An electric field `vec"E" = 10 xx hat"i"` exists in a certain region of space. Then the potential difference V = V_o – V_A, where V_o is the potential at the origin and V_A is the potential at x = 2 m is:

A thin conducting spherical shell of radius R has a charge Q which is uniformly distributed on its surface. The correct plot for electrostatic potential due to this spherical shell is

Two points A and B are maintained at a potential of 7 V and -4 V respectively. The work done in moving 50 electrons from A to B is ______.

If the voltage applied on a capacitor is increased from V to 2V, choose the correct conclusion.

A parallel plate capacitor stores a charge Q at a voltage V. Suppose the area of the parallel plate capacitor and the distance between the plates are each doubled then which is the quantity that will change?

Three capacitors are connected in a triangle as shown in the figure. The equivalent capacitance between points A and C is ______.

Two metallic spheres of radii 1 cm and 3 cm are given charges of -1 × 10^-2 C and 5 × 10^-2 C respectively. If these are connected by a conducting wire, the final charge on the bigger sphere is ______.

What is meant by quantisation of charges?

Write down Coulomb’s law in vector form and mention what each term represents.

What are the differences between the Coulomb force and the gravitational force?

Write a short note on superposition principle.

Define ‘electric field’.

What is mean by ‘electric field lines’?

The electric field lines never intersect. Justify

Define ‘electric dipole’.

Give the expression for the magnitude of its electric dipole moment and the direction.

Write the general definition of electric dipole moment for a collection of point charge.

Define electrostatic potential.

What is an equipotential surface?

What are the properties of an equipotential surface?

Give the relation between electric field and electric potential.

Define ‘electrostatic potential energy’.

Define ‘electric flux’.

What is meant by electrostatic energy density?

Write a short note on ‘electrostatic shielding’.

What is polarisation?

What is dielectric strength?

Define ‘capacitance’. Give its unit.

What is corona discharge?

Discuss the basic properties of electric charges.

Explain in detail Coulomb’s law and its various aspects.

Define ‘electric field’.

Discuss various aspects of the electric field.

Calculate the electric field due to a dipole on its axial line and equatorial plane.

Derive an expression for the torque experienced by a dipole due to a uniform electric field.

Derive an expression for electrostatic potential due to a point charge.

Derive an expression for electrostatic potential due to an electric dipole.

Obtain an expression for potential energy due to a collection of three point charges which are separated by finite distances.

Derive an expression for electrostatic potential energy of the dipole in a uniform electric field.

Obtain Gauss law from Coulomb’s law.

Obtain the expression for electric field due to an infinitely long charged wire.

Obtain the expression for electric field due to an charged infinite plane sheet.

Obtain the expression for electric field due to an uniformly charged spherical shell.

Discuss the various properties of conductors in electrostatic equilibrium.

Explain the process of electrostatic induction.

Explain dielectrics in detail and how an electric field is induced inside a dielectric.

Obtain the expression for capacitance for a parallel plate capacitor.

Obtain the expression for energy stored in the parallel plate capacitor.

Explain in detail the effect of a dielectric placed in a parallel plate capacitor.

Derive the expression for resultant capacitance, when the capacitor is connected in series.

Derive the expression for resultant capacitance, when the capacitor is connected in parallel.

Explain in detail how charges are distributed in a conductor, and the principle behind the lightning conductor.

Explain in detail the construction and working of a Van de Graaff generator.

When two objects are rubbed with each other, approximately a charge of 50 nC can be produced in each object. Calculate the number of electrons that must be transferred to produce this charge.

The total number of electrons in the human body is typically in the order of 10²⁸. Suppose, due to some reason, you and your friend lost 1% of this number of electrons. Calculate the electrostatic force between you and your friend separated at a distance of lm. Compare this with your weight. Assume the mass of each person is 60kg and use point charge approximation.

Five identical charges Q are placed equidistant on a semicircle as shown in the figure. Another point charge q is kept at the center of the circle of radius R. Calculate the electrostatic force experienced by the charge q.

Suppose a charge +q on Earth’s surface and another +q charge is placed on the surface of the Moon,

1. Calculate the value of q required to balance the gravitational attraction between Earth and Moon
2. Suppose the distance between the Moon and Earth is halved, would the charge q change?
   (Take m_E = 5.9 x 10²⁴ kg, m_M = 7.348 x 10²² kg)

Draw the free body diagram for the following charges as shown in the following figure.

Draw the free body diagram for the following charges as shown in the following figure.

Draw the free body diagram for the following charges as shown in the following figure.

Consider an electron travelling with a speed V_Φ and entering into a uniform electric field `vec"E"` which is perpendicular to `vec"V"_0` as shown in the Figure. Ignoring gravity, obtain the electron’s acceleration, velocity and position as functions of time.

A closed triangular box is kept in an electric field of magnitude E = 2 × 10³ N C^-1 as shown in the figure.

Calculate the electric flux through the

1. vertical rectangular surface
2. slanted surface and
3. entire surface.

The electrostatic potential is given as a function of x in figure (a) and (b). Calculate the corresponding electric fields in regions A, B, C and D. Plot the electric field as a function of x for figure (b).

A spark plug in a bike or a car is used to ignite the air-fuel mixture in the engine. It consists of two electrodes separated by a gap of around 0.6 mm gap as shown in the figure.

To create the spark, an electric field of magnitude 3 x 10⁶Vm^-1 is required,

1. What potential difference must be applied to produce the spark?
2. If the gap is increased, does the potential difference increase, decrease or remains the same?
3. Find the potential difference if the gap is 1 mm.

A point charge of +10 µC is placed at a distance of 20 cm from another identical point charge of +10 µC. A point charge of -2 µC is moved from point a to b as shown in the figure. Calculate the change in potential energy of the system? Interpret your result.

Calculate the resultant capacitances for each of the following combinations of capacitors.

An electron and a proton are allowed to fall through the separation between the plates of a parallel plate capacitor of voltage 5 V and separation distance h = 1 mm as shown in the figure.

1. Calculate the time of flight for both electron and proton.
2. Suppose if a neutron is allowed to fall, what is the time of flight?
3. Among the three, which one will reach the bottom first?

(Take m_p = 1.6 x 10^-27 kg, m_e= 9.1 x 10^-31 kg and g = 10 m s^-2)

During a thunder storm, the movement of water molecules within the clouds creates friction, partially causing the bottom part of the clouds to become negatively charged. This implies that the bottom of the cloud and the ground act as a parallel plate capacitor. If the electric field between the cloud and ground exceeds the dielectric breakdown of the air (3 × 10⁶ Vm^–1), lightning will occur.

1. If the bottom part of the cloud is 1000 m above the ground, determine the electric potential difference that exists between the cloud and ground.
2. In a typical lightning phenomenon, around 25 C of electrons are transferred from cloud to ground. How much electrostatic potential energy is transferred to the ground?

For the given capacitor configuration

1. Find the charges on each capacitor
2. potential difference across them
3. energy stored in each capacitor.

Capacitors P and Q have identical cross-sectional areas A and separation d. The space between the capacitors is filled with a dielectric of dielectric constant Er as shown in the figure. Calculate the capacitance of capacitors P and Q.