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Question
Answer the following question
What are the features of monopolistic competition?
Solution
The following are the features of monopolistic competition:
i. Large number of buyers and sellers - There are a large number of buyers and sellers in a monopolistic market.
ii. Differentiated product - Products of a firm are slightly different from those of other firms, but they are close substitutes. Product differentiation is achieved through brand name, trade mark and advertisements.
iii. Selling cost - The need of the selling cost arises due to the sole aim of differentiating products. It is through the help of advertisements that a monopolistic firm tries to convince the consumers by distinguishing its product from its substitutes on qualitative basis.
iv. Free entry and exit of firms - There is no restriction on the entry and exit of firms in this form of market. But at certain times, due to some legal barriers and patent rights, it is not so free for the new firm to enter the market.
v. Imperfect Knowledge- Both the buyers and the sellers do not have complete knowledge about the prevailing market conditions. Due to product differentiation, it is very difficult to acquire complete knowledge about prices and quantities of different products.
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PASSAGE
In India, markets for automobiles, cement, steel, aluminium, etc, are the examples of oligopolistic market. In all these markets, there are few firms for each particular product. Duopoly is a special case of oligopoly, in which there are exactly two sellers. Under duopoly, it is assumed that the product sold by the two firms is homogeneous and there is no substitute for it. Examples where two companies control a large proportion of a market are: (i) Pepsi and Coca-Cola in the soft drink market; (ii) Airbus and Boeing in the commercial large jet aircraft market.
Operating systems for smart phones and computers provide excellent examples of oligopolies in big tech. Apple iOS and Google Android dominate smart phone operating systems. Computer operating systems are overshadowed by Apple and Microsoft Windows.
- Give examples of oligopolistic market in India (1 mark)
- Explain the concept of duopoly with a suitable example from the passage (1 mark)
- Express your personal opinion based on the above information (2 marks)
