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Question
Show the solution zone of the following inequalities on a graph paper:
\[5x + y \geq 10\]
\[ x + y \geq 6\]
\[x + 4y \geq 12\]
\[x \geq 0, y \geq 0\]
Find x and y for which 3x + 2y is minimum subject to these inequalities. Use a graphical method.
Solution
First, we will convert the given inequations into equations, we obtain the following equations:
5x + y = 10, x +y = 6, x + 4y = 12, x = 0 and y = 0
Region represented by 5x + y ≥ 10:
The line 5x + y = 10 meets the coordinate axes at A(2, 0) and B(0, 10) respectively. By joining these points we obtain the line 5x + y = 10.
Clearly (0,0) does not satisfies the inequation 5x + y ≥ 10. So,the region in xy plane which does not contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 5x + y ≥ 10.
Region represented by x +y ≥ 6:
The line x +y = 6 meets the coordinate axes at C(6,0) and D(0, 6) respectively. By joining these points we obtain the line
2x +3y = 30.Clearly (0,0) does not satisfies the inequation x +y ≥ 6. So,the region which does not contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation 2x+3y ≥ 30.
Region represented by x + 4y ≥ 12
The line x + 4y = 12 meets the coordinate axes at E(12, 0) and F(0, 3) respectively. By joining these points we obtain the line
x + 4y = 12.Clearly (0,0) does not satisfies the inequation x + 4y ≥ 12. So,the region which does not contain the origin represents the solution set of the inequation x + 4y≥ 12.
Region represented by x ≥ 0 and y ≥ 0:
Since, every point in the first quadrant satisfies these inequations. So, the first quadrant is the region represented by the inequations x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0.
The feasible region determined by the system of constraints 5x + y ≥ 10, x +y ≥ 6,x + 4y ≥ 12, x ≥ 0, and y ≥ 0, are as follows .
.
The corner points of the feasible region are B(0, 10), G(1,5), H(4,2) and E(12,0).
The values of Z at these corner points are as follows.
| Corner point | Z = 3x + 2y |
| B(0, 10) | 3 × 0 + 3 × 10 = 30 |
| G(1,5) | 3 × 1 + 2 × 5 = 13 |
| H(4,2) | 3 × 4 + 2 × 2 = 16 |
| E(12,0) | 3 × 12 + 2 × 0 = 36 |
Therefore, the minimum value of Z is 13 at the point G(1,5). Hence, x = 1 and y = 5 is the optimal solution of the given LPP.
Thus, the optimal value of Z is 13.
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