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Question
Explain the important aspects of resonance with reference to the `"CO"_3^(2-)` ion.
Solution 1
Resonance in `"CO"_3^(2-)`, I, II and III represent the three canonical forms.
- In these structures, the position of nuclei are same.
- All three forms have almost equal energy.
- Same number of paired and impaired electrons differ only in their position.
Solution 2
According to experimental findings, all carbon to oxygen bonds in `"CO"_3^(2-)` are equivalent. Hence, it is inadequate to represent `"CO"_3^(2-)` ion by a single Lewis structure having two single bonds and one double bond.
Therefore, carbonate ion is described as a resonance hybrid of the following structures
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RELATED QUESTIONS
H3PO3 can be represented by structures 1 and 2 shown below. Can these two structures be taken as the canonical forms of the resonance hybrid representing H3PO3? If not, give reasons for the same.
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| (1) | (2) |
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Resonance structures can be written for ______.
The acceptable resonating structures of the following molecule are:
\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH = C - \overset{\bullet\bullet}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{O}} - CH2 - CH3}\\
|\phantom{......}\\
\ce{:N}\phantom{.......}\\
\phantom{}/\phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}\\
\phantom{}\ce{H3C}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......}
\end{array}\]
| (x) | \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{CH3 - \overset{\overset{Θ}{\bullet\bullet}}{C}H - C - \overset{\bullet\bullet}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{O}} - CH2 - CH3}\\ ||\phantom{......}\\ \ce{N^⊕}\phantom{.....}\\ \phantom{}/\phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}\\ \phantom{}\ce{H3C}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......} \end{array}\] |
| (y) | \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{CH3 - \overset{\overset{Θ}{\bullet\bullet}}{C}H - C = \overset{⊕}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{O}} - CH2 - CH3}\\ |\phantom{......}\\ \ce{:N}\phantom{.......}\\ \phantom{}/\phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}\\ \phantom{}\ce{H3C}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......} \end{array}\] |
| (z) | \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{CH3 - \overset{⊕}{C}H - C - \overset{\bullet\bullet}{\underset{\bullet\bullet}{O}} - CH2 - CH3}\\ ||\phantom{......}\\ \ce{N^Θ}\phantom{.....}\\ \phantom{}/\phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}\\ \phantom{}\ce{H3C}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......} \end{array}\] |
| (w) | \[\begin{array}{cc} \ce{CH3 - \overset{⊕}{C}H - C = \overset{Θ}{O} - CH2 - CH3}\\ |\phantom{......}\\ \ce{:N}\phantom{.......}\\ \phantom{}/\phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}\\ \phantom{}\ce{H3C}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{......} \end{array}\] |
