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Question
Give a reason for carbon is tetravalent in nature.
Solution
The electronic configuration of carbon is:
1s2 2s2 \[\ce{2p^1_{{x}}}\] \[\ce{2p^1_{{y}}}\]
One electron from ‘2s’ orbital is promoted to the empty ‘2p’ orbital.
Thus, in an excited state, carbon has four half-filled orbitals.
C =
| 1s | 2s | 2p | ||
| ↑↓ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ | ↑ |
Hence, carbon can form 4 bonds and is tetravalent in nature.
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