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Obtain the mirror formula and write the expression for the linear magnification.
Concept: Concave Mirror
When a tiny circular obstacle is placed in the path of light from a distant source, a bright spot is seen at the centre of the shadow of the obstacle. Explain why?
Concept: Coherent and Incoherent Addition of Waves
Show using a proper diagram how unpolarised light can be linearly polarised by reflection from a transparent glass surface.
Concept: Polarisation
If one of two identical slits producing interference in Young’s experiment is covered with glass, so that the light intensity passing through it is reduced to 50%, find the ratio of the maximum and minimum intensity of the fringe in the interference pattern.
Concept: Interference of Light Waves and Young’s Experiment
What kind of fringes do you expect to observe if white light is used instead of monochromatic light?
Concept: Refraction of Monochromatic Light
Using Huygens’ principle, verify the laws of reflection at a plane surface.
Concept: Huygens' Principle
If light of wavelength 412.5 nm is incident on each of the metals given below, which ones will show photoelectric emission and why?
| Metal | Work Function (eV) |
| Na | 1.92 |
| K | 2.15 |
| Ca | 3.20 |
| Mo | 4.17 |
Concept: Photoelectric Effect and Wave Theory of Light
A hydrogen atom initially in the ground level absorbs a photon, which excites it to the n = 4 level. Determine the wavelength and frequency of the photon.
Concept: Energy Levels
State Bohr's postulate to define stable orbits in the hydrogen atom. How does de Broglie's hypothesis explain the stability of these orbits?
Concept: Bohr’s Model for Hydrogen Atom
A radioactive isotope has a half-life of T years. How long will it take the activity to reduce to a) 3.125%, b) 1% of its original value?
Concept: Law of Radioactive Decay
Explain the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion by using the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) versus the mass number A
Concept: Nuclear Energy > Nuclear Fusion – Energy Generation in Stars
Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier. Explain its working showing its input and output waveforms.
Concept: Application of Junction Diode as a Rectifier
A student wants to use two p-n junction diodes to convert alternating current into direct current. Draw the labelled circuit diagram she would use and explain how it works.
Concept: p-n Junction
Draw a typical input and output characteristics of an n-p-n transistor in CE configuration. Show how these characteristics can be used to determine (a) the input resistance (r1), and (b) current amplification factor (β)
Concept: Transistor and Characteristics of a Transistor
Four nuclei of an element undergo fusion to form a heavier nucleus, with release of energy. Which of the two – the parent or the daughter nucleus – would have higher binding energy per nucleon?
Concept: Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
Give three reasons why modulation of a message signal is necessary for long-distance transmission
Concept: Need for Modulation and Demodulation
Show graphically an audio signal, a carrier wave and an amplitude modulated wave
Concept: Need for Modulation and Demodulation
A carrier wave of peak voltage 15 V is used to transmit a message signal. Find the peak voltage of the modulating signal in order to have a modulation index of 60%
Concept: Modulation and Its Necessity
What is biopiracy?
Concept: Ethical Issues
How do you convert the following:
Aniline to phenol
Concept: Methods of Preparation of Phenols
