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प्रश्न
Draw a labelled diagram for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas and answer the following.
- Name the acid used. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?
- Give the balanced equation for the reaction.
- Name the drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.
- Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?
- Why is the direct absorption of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in water not feasible?
- What arrangement is done to dissolve \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in the water?
उत्तर
The labelled diagram for laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride is:
a. Concentrated \[\ce{H2SO4}\]. Hydrogen chloride gas, when dissolved in water, forms hydrochloric acid. The gas is highly soluble in water and thus cannot be passed through water with the help of a delivery tube because it leads to back suction, i.e., water may move back into the hot flask through the delivery tube. The delivery tube is connected to a funnel, as shown, and gas is dissolved in water. This prevents the back suction of water.
b. The balanced equation for the reaction:
\[\ce{NaCl + H2SO4 ->[<200°C]NaHSO4 + HCl ^}\]
c. The drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas is conc. Sulphuric acid.
d. Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas because they react with hydrogen chloride.
\[\ce{2P2O5 + 3HCl -> POCl3 + 3HPO3}\]
\[\ce{CaO + 2HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O}\]
e. Hydrogen chloride gas is highly soluble in water. Therefore, it is not collected over water.
f. The funnel arrangement is done to dissolve \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in water.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Identify the gas evolved and give the chemical test in the following cases
Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron (II) sulphide.
The following are pertaining to the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
Write the equation for its preparation mentioning the condition required.
Give the balanced equation for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas reaction.
Name the drying agents used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.
Explain why a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene:
- has no effect on litmus, and
- does not conduct electricity.
Explain why thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in \[\ce{NH4OH}\] is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas.
Name the gas produced when chlorine water is exposed to sunlight.
Explain, why (or give reasons for)
In the preparation chloride from sodium chloride, the gas can be obtained below 200°C or above. But the lower temperature is preferred.
Explain, why (or give reasons for)
Hydrogen chloride is not collected over water.
Explain, why (or give reasons for)
HCI gas does not conduct electricity, but hydrochloric acid conducts electricity.
Describe an experiment to prove the following:
HCI gas contains the element chlorine.
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Dilute hydrochloric acid solution cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond
Choose the correct answer from the options given below:
Bleaching powder reacts with few drops of concentrated HCl to give
Complete and balance the equations:
KMnO4 + HCI → _______+ _______ + _______ + ______ + 8H2O
Explain, why the following statement is not correct:
Lead chloride can be prepared by adding dilute HCI to lead sulphate solution.
State the observation for action of dilute hydrochloiric acid or iron (II) sulphate.
One chemical test that would enable you to distinguish between the following pair of chemicals. Describe what happens with each chemical or state 'no visible reaction'.
Sodium chloride solution and sodium nitrate solution.
One chemical test that would enable you to distinguish between the following pair of chemicals. Describe what happens with each chemical or state 'no visible reaction'.
Sodium sulphate solution and sodium chloride solution.
Give one test to distinguish between the following pair of chemicals.
Iron (III) Chloride solution and copper chloride solution.
Answer the following question related to the laboratory preparation of the hydrogen chloride gas:
State the temperature required in the preparation.
