Selina solutions for Concise Chemistry [English] Class 10 ICSE chapter 8 - Study of Compounds A - Hydrogen Chloride [1990 edition]

Draw a labelled diagram for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas and answer the following.

1. Name the acid used. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?
2. Give the balanced equation for the reaction.
3. Name the drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.
4. Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?
5. Why is the direct absorption of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in water not feasible?
6. What arrangement is done to dissolve \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in the water?

Explain why when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened, there are fumes in the air.

Explain why when the stopper of a bottle full of hydrogen chloride gas is opened, there are fumes in the air.

Explain why a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene:

1. has no effect on litmus, and
2. does not conduct electricity.

Explain why thick white fumes are formed when a glass rod dipped in \[\ce{NH4OH}\] is brought near the mouth of a bottle full of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas.

Explain why dry hydrogen chloride gas does not affect a dry strip of blue litmus paper but it turns red in the presence of a drop of water.

Explain why hydrogen chloride gas is not collected over water.

The given set up in the figure is for the preparation of an acid.

1. Name the acid prepared by this method.
2. Name the reactants used.
3. Why an empty flask is used?
4. What is the drying agent used? Why is this drying agent chosen?
5. What is the role of the inverted funnel in the arrangement?

Name an element which reacts with hydrogen to form a compound which is strongly acidic in water.

Explain why dilute hydrochloric acid cannot be concentrated by boiling beyond 22.2%.

How will you prove that hydrochloric acid contains

1. hydrogen
2. chlorine?

Write equations for the reactions.

Name a black metallic oxide which reacts with hydrochloric acid to give a coloured solution.

Name two colourless gases, which when mixed, produce a white solid.

Name two gases which chemically combine to form a liquid.

Name the chemical in which gold can be dissolved.

Name the experiment which demonstrates that hydrogen chloride is soluble in water.

Name the gas produced when chlorine water is exposed to sunlight.

Solution A reacts with an acid B (which gives greenish yellow gas on reacting with oxidizing agents like \[\ce{Pb3O4}\]) to give white precipitate C insoluble in nitric acid but soluble in ammonium hydroxide. Name A, B and C.

Complete and balance the following reaction, state whether dilute or conc. acid is used.

\[\ce{NH4OH + HCl -> \underline{\phantom{..........}}}\].

Complete and balance the following reaction, state whether dilute or conc. acid is used.

\[\ce{NaHSO3 + HCl ->}\]

Complete and balance the following reaction, state whether dilute or conc. acid is used.

\[\ce{Pb(NO3)2 + HCl ->}\]

Complete and balance the following reaction, state whether dilute or conc. acid is used.

\[\ce{Pb3O4 + HCl ->}\]

How will the action of dilute hydrochloric acid enable you to distinguish between sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite?

How will the action of dilute hydrochloric acid enable you to distinguish between sodium thiosulphate and sodium sulphite?

Give three distinct test [apart from using an indicator] you would carry out with solution of \[\ce{HCl}\] to illustrate the typical properties of an acid.

\[\ce{MnO2}\], \[\ce{PbO2}\] and red lead react with \[\ce{conc. HCl}\] acid liberates \[\ce{Cl2}\].

What is the common property being shown by these metal oxides?

Convert two soluble metallic nitrates to insoluble metallic chlorides using \[\ce{dil. HCl}\].

A solution of hydrogen chloride in water is prepared. The following substances are added to separate portions of the solution:

Complete the table by writing the gas evolved in each case and its odour.

State the composition of aqua regia. State which component is the oxidizing agent in aqua regia.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on the silver nitrate solution.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on magnesium foil.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on caustic soda solution.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on zinc carbonate.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on manganese (IV) oxide.

Write an equation for the reaction of hydrochloric acid on copper oxide.

Study the flow chart and give balanced equations with conditions for the conversions A, B, C, D and E.

Write the balanced equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with the following:

Iron

Write the balanced equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with the following:

Sodium hydrogen carbonate

Write the balanced equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with the following:

Iron (II) sulphide

Write the balanced equation for the reaction of dilute hydrochloric acid with the following:

Magnesium sulphite

Write observation:

Lead nitrate solution is mixed with dilute hydrochloric acid and heated.

Write observation:

A small piece of zinc is added to dilute hydrochloric acid.

The drying agent used to dry \[\ce{HCl}\] gas is ______.

When sodium chloride is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid below 200°C, one of the products formed is ________.

By the addition of only one solution how would you distinguish between dilute hydrochloric acid and dilute nitric acid?

Name two gases which can be used in the study of the fountain experiment.

State the common property demonstrated by the fountain experiment.

Hydrogen chloride gas, being highly soluble in water, is dried by ______.

Write a balanced chemical equation.

Sodium thiosulphate is reacted with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Write a balanced chemical equation.

Calcium bicarbonate reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid.

In the laboratory preparation of hydrochloric acid, \[\ce{HCl}\] gas is dissolved in water.

1. Draw a diagram to show the arrangement used for the absorption of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in water.
   
2. State why such an arrangement is necessary? Give two reasons for the same.
3. Write the chemical equation for the laboratory preparation of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas when the reactants are:
   1. Below 200°C
   2. Above 200°C

Rewrite the correct statement with the missing word/s:

Aqua regia contains one part by volume of nitric acid and three parts by volume of hydrochloric acid.

State a relevant reason for the following:

Hydrogen chloride gas cannot be dried over quick lime.

Give a balanced equation for the reaction:

Conc. hydrochloric acid and potassium permanganate solution.

Give a balanced equation with condition, if any, for the following conversion.

\[\ce{Sodium chloride -> Hydrogen chloride}\]

Give a balanced equation with condition, if any, for the following conversion.

\[\ce{Hydrogen chloride -> Iron (II) chloride}\]

Give a balanced equation with condition, if any, for the following conversion.

\[\ce{Hydrogen chloride -> Ammonium chloride}\]

Give a balanced equation with condition, if any, for the following conversion.

\[\ce{Hydrogen chloride -> Lead chloride}\]

Identify the gas evolved when potassium sulphite is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid.

Identify the gas evolved when concentrated hydrochloric acid is made to react with manganese dioxide.

State one appropriate observation when copper sulphide is treated with dilute hydrochloric acid.

State one appropriate observation of the following:

A few drops of dilute hydrochloric acid are added to silver nitrate solution, followed by the addition of ammonium hydroxide solution.

Quicklime is not used to dry \[\ce{HCl}\] gas because _____.

Write balanced equation for action of dilute hydrochloric acid on sodium sulphide

State your observation of the following case:

When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate crystals.

Study the figure given below and answer the questions which follow:

1. Identify the gas Y.
2. What property of gas Y does this experiment demonstrate?
3. Name another gas which has the same property and can be demonstrated through this experiment.

Name the acid which on mixing with silver nitrate solution, produces a white precipitate which is soluble in excess of ammonium hydroxide.

Name two gases which give dense white fumes with ammonia.

The following question is pertaining to the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.

Write the equation for its preparation mentioning the condition required.

The following question is pertaining to the laboratory pertaining hydrogen chloride gas.

Name the drying agent used and justify your choice.

The following question is pertaining to the laboratory pertaining hydrogen chloride gas.

State a safety precaution you would take during the preparation of hydrochloric acid.

The aim of the Fountain experiment is to prove that ______.

Write a balanced chemical equation for the action of hydrochloric acid on sodium bicarbonate.

State your observation when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to lead nitrate solution and the mixture is heated.

State your observation when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium thisulphate.

Identify the gas evolved and give the chemical test in the following case:

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with iron (II) sulphide.

Identify the gas evolved and give the chemical test in the following case:

Dilute hydrochloric acid reacts with sodium sulphite.