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प्रश्न
Explain why a solution of hydrogen chloride in water turns blue litmus red and conducts electricity, while a solution of the same gas in toluene:
- has no effect on litmus, and
- does not conduct electricity.
उत्तर
A solution of hydrogen chloride in water gives ions,
\[\ce{HCl + H2O -> H3O+ + Cl-}\]
These ions are responsible for conducting electricity and turning blue litmus red due to the presence of hydronium \[\ce{H3O+}\] ions, which cause \[\ce{HCl}\] aqueous solution to be acidic.
Toluene is an organic solvent, whereas \[\ce{HCl}\] is a covalent molecule. A solution of \[\ce{HCl}\] in toluene includes only molecules and not ions; hence, it does not conduct electricity. The absence of hydronium \[\ce{H3O+}\] ions neutralizes the solution, and it has no impact on litmus paper.
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संबंधित प्रश्न
Identify the gas evolved and give the chemical test in the following cases
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The following are pertaining to the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
Write the equation for its preparation mentioning the condition required.
The following are pertaining to the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas.
State a safety precaution you would take during the preparation of hydrochloric acid.
State your observation in given case When dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium carbonate crystals
Name the acid used for the preparation of hydrogen chloride gas in the laboratory. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?
Draw a labelled diagram for the laboratory preparation of hydrogen chloride gas and answer the following.
- Name the acid used. Why is this particular acid preferred to other acids?
- Give the balanced equation for the reaction.
- Name the drying agent used in drying hydrogen chloride gas.
- Phosphorous pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agents, but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?
- Why is the direct absorption of \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in water not feasible?
- What arrangement is done to dissolve \[\ce{HCl}\] gas in the water?
Name the drying agents phosphorus pentoxide and calcium oxide are good drying agent but they cannot be used to dry hydrogen chloride gas. Why?
What are the important precautions?
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Give one test to distinguish between the following pair of chemicals.
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In the laboratory preparation, HCl gas is dried by passing through ______.
