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Question
Arrange the set of compounds in order of increasing boiling points.
Bromomethane, Bromoform, Chloromethane, Dibromomethane.
Solution
The strength of the intermolecular interactions in organic molecules determines their boiling points. These forces consist of van der Waals forces and dipole-dipole interactions and they are dependent on the molecular mass and surface area of the molecules. Compounds with higher molecular mass have higher boiling points. Thus, the correct order is:
Chloromethane < Bromomethane < Dibromomethane < Bromoform
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(a) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}\\
\backslash\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH - CH2Br}\\
/\phantom{.............}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.................}
\end{array}\]
(b) \[\ce{CH3CH2CH2CH2Br}\]
(c) \[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\ce{H3C - C - CH3}\\
\phantom{}|\\
\phantom{..}\ce{Br}
\end{array}\]
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