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Question
The electric field in a region is given by `vec"E" = ("E"_0 "x")/"l" vec"i".`
Find the charge contained inside the cubical volume bound by the surfaces
x =0, x =a, y=0, y=a, z=0 and z=a. Take
`"E"_0 = 5 xx 10^3 "N""C"^-1 , "l" =2 "cm" " and" " a" = 1 "cm" `
Solution
Given:
Electric field strength, `vec"E" = ("E"_0"x")/"l" hat"i"`
Length, l = 2 cm
Edge of the cube, a = 1 cm
E0 =5.0 × 103 N/C
It is observed that the flux passes mainly through the surfaces ABCD and EFGH. The surfaces AEFB and CHGD are parallel to the electric field. So, electric flux for these surfaces is zero.
The electric field intensity at the surface EFGH will be zero.
If the charge is inside the cube, then equal flux will pass through the two parallel surfaces ABCD and EFGH. We can calculate flux passing only through one surface. Thus,
`vec"E" = ("E"_0"x")/"l" hat"i"`
At EFGH, x = 0; thus, the electric field at EFGH is zero.
At ABCD, x = a; thus, the electric field at ABCD is ` vec"E" = ("E"_0"a")/"l" hat "i"`
The net flux through the whole cube is only through the side ABCD and is given by
`phi = vec"E" . vec "A" = (("E"_0"a")/"l" hat"i") . ("a" hat"i") = ("E"_0"a"^2)/"l".`
Net flux = `phi =( 5 xx 10^3)/( 2 xx 10^-2) xx ( 1 xx 10 ^-2)^2 "N""m"^2 // "C" = 2.5 "Nm"^2 // "C"`
Thus the net charge,
q = ∈0 `phi`
q = 8.85 × 10 -12 × 2.5
q =22.125 ×10-13
q =2.2125 ×10 -12 C
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