Topics
Introduction to Chemistry
- Chemistry and Its Historical Perspective
- Importance of Chemistry
- Dark Side of Chemistry
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Elements, Compounds
- Matter (Substance)
- Natural substances
- Pure Substances
- Elements
- Types of Element: Metals
- Physical Properties of Metals
- Types of Element: Non-metal
- Physical Properties of Non-metal
- Type of Element: Metalloid
- Type of Elements: Noble Or Inert Gases
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Compound
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Formula
Mixture
- Matter (Substance)
- Natural substances
- Pure Substances
- Impure Substance
- Compound
- Mixture
- Types of Mixtures
- Formation of Mixtures
- Separation of Mixtures
- Methods of Separation
- Filtration Method
- Decantation Method
- Handpicking Method
- Winnowing Method
- Sieving Method
- Magnetic Separation Method
- Sublimation Method
- Solvent Extraction (Using a Separating Funnel Method)
- Sedimentation Method
- Evaporation Method
- Crystallisation Method
- Simple Distillation Method
- Fractional Distillation Method
Matter
Matter
- Matter (Substance)
- Natural substances
- Composition of Matter
- Characteristics of Particles (Molecules) of Matter
- States of Matter
- The Solid State
- The Liquid State
- The Gaseous State
- Effects of Heat
- Heat and change of physical state
- Concept of Melting (Fusion)
- Concept of Boiling (Vaporization)
- Concept of Condensation (Liquefaction)
- Concept of Freezing (Solidification)
- Expansion of Substances (Thermal Expansion)
- Expansion of Solids
- Expansion of Liquids
- Expansion of Gases
- Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
Common Laboratory Apparatus and Equipments
- Importance of 'observation' and 'experiment' in chemistry
- Chemistry Laboratory
- Precautions to Be Taken in a Chemistry Laboratory
Water
- Water: Our Lifeline
- Sources of Water
- Change in State of Water
- Water Cycle
- Importance of Water
- Anomalous Expansion of Water
- Potable Water
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Bacteria
- Waterborne Diseases Caused by Virus
- Purification of Water
- Tap Water Contains Dissolved Impurities
- Simple Distillation Method
- Components of Solutions
- Water - a Universal Solvent
- Physical Properties of Water
- Water Management (Conservation of Water)
- Fresh Water Management
- Water Pollution and Its Causes
- Effects of Water Pollution
- Prevention of Water Pollution
- Drought (Famine)
Air and Atmosphere
- Air Around Us
- Atmosphere and Its Layers
- Air is a Mixture
- Importance of Oxygen
- Importance of Nitrogen
- Importance of Carbon Dioxide
- Composition and Components of Air
- Importance of Air
- Photosynthesis: Food-Making Process in Plants
- Process of Photosynthesis
- Rusting
- Air Pollution and Its Causes
- Effects of Air Pollution
- Prevention of Air Pollution
Importance of Air:
Air provides the oxygen we need to breathe. Without air, humans, animals, and even aquatic creatures would not be able to survive.
- Plants use carbon dioxide from the air to make food and release oxygen, while animals and humans breathe in oxygen and release carbon dioxide. This creates a natural balance between plants and animals.
- Oxygen in the air is needed for a process called oxidation, which helps our bodies produce energy from food.
- Air helps in the water cycle. Water from oceans, rivers, and lakes evaporates into the air, forms clouds, and later falls as rain, which helps provide fresh water for life on Earth.
- Air helps in pollination. The wind carries pollen from one plant to another, which helps plants produce fruits and seeds. This is important for growing crops like wheat, corn, and rice.
- Oxygen in the air is necessary for burning, which is why fires need air to keep burning. Without oxygen, combustion or burning would not be possible.
- Air helps create wind and weather patterns and helps cool and circulate heat around the Earth.
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