Methods of Separation

Matter

• Matter (Substance)
• Characteristics of Particles (Molecules) of Matter
• States of Matter
• The Solid State
• The Liquid State
• The Gaseous State
• Kinetic Theory of Matter
• Heat and change of physical state
• Concept of Melting (Fusion)
• Concept of Evaporation
• Concept of Boiling (Vaporization)
• Concept of Condensation (Liquefaction)
• Concept of Freezing (Solidification)
• Concept of Sublimation
• Concept of Desublimation (Deposition)
• Laws of Chemical Combination
• Law of Conservation of Mass

Physical and Chemical Changes

• Changes-Physical and Chemical
• Classification of Change: Slow and Fast Changes
• Classification of Change: Natural and Man-made Changes
• Classification of Change: Periodic and Non-periodic Changes
• Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
• Classification of Change: Physical Changes
• Chemical Reaction

Elements, Compounds and Mixtures

• Matter (Substance)
• Natural substances
• Pure Substances
• Impure Substance
• Elements
• Types of Element: Metals
• Types of Element: Non-metal
• Type of Element: Metalloid
• Type of Elements: Noble Or Inert Gases
• Difference Between Metals, Non-metals, Metalloids, and Noble Gases
• Compound
• Mixture
• Types of Mixtures
• Formation of Mixtures
• Separation of Mixtures
• Methods of Separation
• Handpicking Method
• Magnetic Separation Method
• Gravitation Method
• Sublimation Method
• Solvent Extraction (Using a Separating Funnel Method)
• Crystallisation Method
• Sedimentation Method
• Decantation Method
• Filtration Method
• Evaporation Method
• Centrifugation Method
• Fractional Distillation Method
• Chromatography Method
• Diffusion Method
• Liquefaction Method

Atomic Structure

• Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
• History of Atom
• Dalton’s Atomic Theory
• J. J. Thomson’s Atomic Model
• Lord Rutherford’s Atomic model
• Discovery of Charged Particles in Matter
• Electrons (e)
• Protons (p)
• Nucleus
• Neutrons (n)
• Neils Bohr’s Model of an Atom
• Structure of an Atom
• Atomic Number (Z), Mass Number (A), and Number of Neutrons (n)
• Atomic Mass
• Isotopes
• Electronic Configuration of Atom
• Electronic Configuration of Atom
• Valency
• Variable Valency
• Ions (Radicals) and Its Types

Language of Chemistry

• Language of Chemistry
• Law of Conservation of Mass
• Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
• Valency
• Variable Valency
• Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
• Chemical Formula or Molecular Formula
• Molecular Formula of Compounds
• Chemical Formula or Molecular Formula
• Significance of Molecular/Chemical Formulae
• Chemical Equation
• Balancing Chemical Equation

Chemical Reactions

Hydrogen

• Hydrogen
• Preparation of Hydrogen
• Laboratory Preparation of Hydrogen
• Manufacture of Hydrogen
• Physical Properties of Hydrogen
• Chemical Properties of Hydrogen
• Tests for Hydrogen
• Uses of Hydrogen
• Oxidation, Reduction and Redox Reactions

Water

• Water: Our Lifeline
• Importance of Water
• Sources of Water
• Water Cycle
• Availability of Water
• Physical Properties of Water
• Anomalous Expansion of Water
• Water - a Universal Solvent
• Capacity of Water to Dissolve Substances - Saturated, Unsaturated, and Supersaturated Solutions
• Solution
• Suspension Solution
• Colloidal Solution
• Difference Between Solution, Colloidal Solution, and Suspension Solution
• Crystals and Crystallisation
• Hydrated and Anhydrous Substances
• Efflorescence, Hygroscopic, and Deliquescence Substances
• Chemical Properties of Water
• Classification of water: Soft and Hard Water
• Advantage and Disadvantage of Hard Water
• Removal of Hardness of Water
• Water Pollution and Its Causes
• Prevention of Water Pollution
• Effects of Water Pollution
• Water Management (Conservation of Water)
• Fresh Water Management
• Waste Water Management
• Water - a Universal Solvent

Carbon and Its Compounds

• Carbon: A Versatile Element
• Classification of Compounds of Carbon