Aquatic Ecosystem

Aquatic ecosystems cover 71% of Earth's surface, making them vital for maintaining ecological balance and supporting diverse life forms. These ecosystems are classified into various types based on their salinity and habitat characteristics. They include freshwater ecosystems, like rivers, lakes, and ponds, as well as marine ecosystems, such as oceans, seas, and coral reefs. These ecosystems not only provide habitats for countless species but also serve as crucial sources of food, water, and oxygen for life on Earth.

Aquatic Ecosystem

Freshwater ecosystems are characterised by water with low salt content and are essential for drinking water, agriculture, and supporting diverse species. It includes ponds, lakes, rivers, streams, and wetlands. 

• It provides habitat for numerous species of plants, fish, and amphibians.
• Supplies fresh water for human consumption and agriculture.

Energy Flow:

Energy flows through these ecosystems via water currents and rivers, which carry nutrients and organic matter. Sunlight is the primary energy source, supporting photosynthetic organisms like algae and aquatic plants.

Role of Decomposers:

They are found at the bottom of water bodies; decomposers like bacteria and fungi break down dead plants and animals. These decomposers convert organic material into nutrients, enriching the water and sediment.

Flora and Fauna:

Marine ecosystems cover oceans, seas, and coastal areas, accounting for the largest portion of Earth's aquatic environment. These ecosystems are saline and host a wide variety of organisms. It includes oceans, seas, coral reefs, estuaries, and mangroves.

• It regulates the global climate by absorbing carbon dioxide and releasing oxygen and provides food resources like fish, shrimp, and seaweed.
• Supports industries like fishing, tourism, and pharmaceuticals.
• Oceans act as carbon sinks, mitigating climate change.

Energy Flow:

It starts with sunlight driving photosynthesis in plankton. Nutrients from ocean currents and upwelling zones support marine food chains.

Biodiversity,

1. Coral reefs are rich in biodiversity, providing shelter to colourful fish, molluscs, and sea anemones.
2. Open oceans support large marine animals like whales, dolphins, jellyfish, and squid.
3. Coral reefs act as nurseries for many marine species.
4. Deep ocean zones are home to unique creatures adapted to low light and high pressure.
5. Both ecosystems are vital for maintaining marine food chains and ecological balance.