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Questions
Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soaps.
Explain with diagram the mechanism of the cleansing action of soaps.
Solution 1
Mechanism of cleansing actum of soaps
Soap and detergents have two parts, a long chain, of hydrocarbon tail soluble in oil and other part (head) soluble in water
- When soap is added to an oily part of cloth as a vessel, the hydrocarbon part of the soap dissolves in oil and the ionic end of the soap dissolves in water.
- The soap molecules form micelles where one of the molecules is towards the oil droplet, while the ionic end faces outside.
- This results in an emulsion in water.
- The soap micelles assist in dissolving the dirt in water. Thus we can wash our clothes.
Solution 2
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Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.
| Column I | Column II |
| (i) Soap chips | (a) dried miniature soap bubbles |
| (ii) Soap granules | (b) small broken pieces of soap formed from melted soaps |
| (iii) Soap powder | (c) soap powder + abrasives + builders \[\ce{(Na2CO3,Na3PO4)}\] |
| (iv) Scouring soap | (d) soap powder + builders like \[\ce{Na2CO3}\] and \[\ce{Na3PO4}\] |
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| Column I | Column II |
(i)  |
(a) Dishwashing powder |
(ii)  |
(b) Laundry soap |
| (iii) \[\ce{C17H33CO\overset{-}{O}\overset{+}{N}a + Na2CO3 + Rosin}\] | (c) Hair conditioners |
| (iv) \[\ce{CH3(CH2)16COO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH}\] | (d) Toothpaste |
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