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Question
Identify the type of overlap present in H-F molecule. Explain diagrammatically.
Solution
s–p σ overlap:
- In this type of overlap one half-filled s orbital of one atom and one half-filled p orbital of another orbital overlap along the internuclear axis.
e.g. Formation of HF molecule by s–p overlap:
Hydrogen atom (Z = 1) has electronic configuration: 1s1 and fluorine atom (Z = 9) has electronic configuration 1s2 2s2 \[\ce{2p^2_{{x}}}\] \[\ce{2p^2_{{y}}}\] \[\ce{2p^1_{{z}}}\]. During the formation of HF molecule, half-filled 1s orbital of hydrogen atom overlaps coaxially with half-filled 2pz orbital of fluorine atom with opposite electron spin and an s–p σ bond is formed. - Diagram:
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