NCERT Exemplar solutions for Science [English] Class 10 chapter 4 - Carbon and its Compounds [Latest edition]

Carbon exists in the atmosphere in the form of

Which of the following statements are usually correct for carbon compounds? These

1. are good conductors of electricity
2. are poor conductors of electricity
3. have strong forces of attraction between their molecules
4.  do not have strong forces of attraction between their molecules

A molecule of ammonia (NH₃) has

Buckminsterfullerene is an allotropic form of

Which of the following are correct structural isomers of butane?

1. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C - C - H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   \end{array}\]
   
   
2. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C - H}\\
   |\phantom{.....}|\phantom{.....}|\\
   \ce{H}\ce{H-C-H}\ce{H}\\
   |\\
   \ce{H}\\
   \end{array}\]
3. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C - H}\\
   |\phantom{.....}\backslash\phantom{..}|\\
   \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{......}\ce{C - H}\phantom{}\\
   \phantom{.......}|\\
   \phantom{.......}\ce{H}\\
   \end{array}\]
4. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H - C - C - H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H - C - C - H}\\
   |\phantom{....}|\\
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\
   \end{array}\]

`"CH"_3 - "CH"_2 - "OH" overset("Alkaline""KMnO"_4 + "Heat")(->) "CH"_3 - "COOH"`

In the above given reaction, alkaline KMnO₄ acts as 

Oils on treating with hydrogen in the presence of palladium or nickel catalyst form fats. This is an example of

In which of the following compounds, — OH is the functional group?

The soap molecule has a

Which of the following is the correct representation of electron dot structure of nitrogen?

Structural formula of ethyne is

Identify the unsaturated compounds from the following

1. Propane
2. Propene
3. Propyne
4. Chloropropane

Chlorine reacts with saturated hydrocarbons at room temperature in the

In the soap micelles

Pentane has the molecular formula C₅ H₁₂ It has

Structural formula of benzene is

Ethanol reacts with sodium and forms two products. These are

The correct structural formula of butanoic acid is

Vinegar is a solution of

Mineral acids are stronger acids than carboxylic acids because

1. mineral acids are completely ionised
2. carboxylic acids are completely ionised
3. mineral acids are partially ionised
4. carboxylic acids are partially ionised

Carbon forms four covalent bonds by sharing its four valence electrons with four univalent atoms, e.g. hydrogen. After the formation of four bonds, carbon attains the electronic configuration of

The correct electron dot structure of a water molecule is

Which of the following is not a straight chain hydrocarbon?

Which among the following are unsaturated hydrocarbons?

1. \[\ce{H3C - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\]
2. \[\ce{H3C - C ≡ C - CH3}\]
3. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H3C - CH - CH3}\\
   |\phantom{..}\\
   \ce{CH3}\\
   \end{array}\]
4. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H3C - C = CH2}\\
   |\\
   \phantom{...}\ce{CH3}\\
   \end{array}\]

Which of the following does not belong to the same homologous series?

The name of the compound CH₃ — CH₂ — CHO is

The heteroatoms present in
CH₃ — CH₂ — O — CH₂— CH₂ Cl are

1. oxygen
2. carbon
3. hydrogen
4. chlorine

Which of the following represents saponification reaction?

The first member of alkyne homologous series is

Write the name of the following compound

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{O}\phantom{......}\\
\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}||\phantom{......}\\
\ce{H} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{OH}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.......}\\
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.......}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the name of the following compound

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\
\ce{H} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} ≡ \ce{C} - \ce{H}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..........}\\
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..........}\\
\end{array}\]

Write the name of the following compound

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C - C - C - C = O}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}\\
\phantom{.}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{......}
\end{array}\]

Write the name of the following compound

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C - C - OH}\\
\phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
\phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}
\end{array}\]

Identify and name the functional groups present in the following compounds.

1. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\\
   \phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C - OH}\\
   \phantom{}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{..}\\
   \ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\\
   \end{array}\]
2. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\\
   \phantom{...}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}||\phantom{....}\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C - OH}\\
   \phantom{...}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.........}\\
   \phantom{}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.......}\\
   \end{array}\]
3. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \phantom{......}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{O}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.......}\\
   \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}||\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\
   \ce{H} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{C} - \ce{H}\\
   \phantom{....}|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{........}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\
   \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{........}\ce{H}\phantom{..}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\\
   \end{array}\]
4. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \phantom{......}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{......}\\
   \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}\\
   \ce{H - C - C - C = C - H}\\
   \phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.............}\\
   \phantom{....}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.............}
   \end{array}\]

Detergents are better than soaps. Justify.

Name the functional groups present in the following compounds

1. CH₃ CO CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CH₃
2. CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ COOH
3. CH₃ CH₂ CH₂ CH₂ CHO
4. CH₃ CH₂ OH

Carbon, Group (14) element in the Periodic Table, is known to form compounds with many elements. Write an example of a compound formed with

1. chlorine (Group 17 of Periodic Table)
2. oxygen (Group 16 of Periodic Table)

In electron dot structure, the valence shell electrons are represented by crosses or dots.

1. The atomic number of chlorine is 17. Write its electronic configuration
2. Draw the electron dot structure of chlorine molecule.

Catenation is the ability of an atom to form bonds with other atoms of the same element. It is exhibited by both carbon and silicon. Compare the ability of catenation of the two elements. Give reasons. 

Match the reactions given in Column (A) with the names given in column (B).

What is the role of metal or reagents written on arrows in the given chemical reactions?

1. \[\begin{array}{cc}
   \ce{CH3}\phantom{.....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{.........}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..........}\\
   \phantom{...}\backslash\phantom{......}/\phantom{................}|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{............}\\
   \ce{C} = \ce{C} + \ce{H2} \overset{\ce{Ni}}{\rightarrow} \ce{CH3 - C - C - CH3}\\
   \phantom{.}/\phantom{........}\backslash\phantom{..............}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{.........}\\
   \ce{CH3}\phantom{....}\ce{CH3}\phantom{............}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{........}
   \end{array}\]
2. \[\ce{CH3COOH + CH3CH2OH \overset{\ce{Conc. H2SO4}}{\rightarrow}CH3COOC2H5 + H2O}\]
3. \[\ce{CH3CH2OH}\ce{->[Alk.KMnO4][Heat]CH3COOH}\]

1. What are hydrocarbons? Give examples.
2. Give the structural differences between saturated and unsaturated hydrocarbons with two examples each.
3.  What is a functional group? Give examples of four different functional groups.

1.  Write the formula and draw electron dot structure of carbon tetrachloride.
2. What is saponification? Write the reaction involved in this process.

Look at below figure and answer the following questions.

1.  What change would you observe in the calcium hydroxide solution taken in tube B?
2. Write the reaction involved in test tubes A and B respectively.
3. If ethanol is given instead of ethanoic acid, would you expect the same change?
4. How can a solution of lime water be prepared in the laboratory?

How would you bring about the following conversions? Name the process and write the reaction involved.

Explain the given reactions with the examples

1. Hydrogenation reaction
2. Oxidation reaction
3. Substitution reaction
4. Saponification reaction
5. Saponification reaction