Extraction of Less Reactive Metals

Less reactive metals (e.g., gold, silver, platinum, and copper) are often found in their free state in nature due to their low reactivity. However, copper is mainly found in the form of copper sulphide (Cu₂S) and is extracted using a simple heating process.

Extraction of Copper from Cu₂S:

Roasting: Copper sulphide is heated in air, forming copper oxide.

• 2Cu₂S + 3O₂ → 2Cu₂O + 2SO₂↑ 

Reduction: The formed Cu₂O reacts with the remaining Cu₂S, yielding pure copper:

• 2Cu₂O + Cu₂S → 6Cu + SO₂↑

Since copper is less reactive, it does not require electrolysis or chemical reduction with carbon or aluminium. The process is straightforward and mainly involves heating in air to obtain the metal.