Biotechnology is a field that combines natural sciences and engineering to use living organisms and their components for creating products and providing services. The term was first introduced by Károly Ereky in 1919 to describe the use of living organisms in producing useful products from raw materials. At its core, biotechnology leverages biological systems and processes, like those in bacteria, yeast, and plants, to perform tasks or create valuable substances. This science has grown from the understanding that certain cells, known as 'totipotent' cells, can generate new organisms when placed in suitable environments.
- Biotechnology enables the creation of plants and animals with new traits beyond their natural characteristics.
- It involves techniques like genetic engineering and tissue culture to improve and modify living organisms.
- Applications include developing high-yield crops, enhancing resistance to environmental stress, and producing vaccines.
- It helps in the early detection of congenital diseases, cancer research, and organ transplantation.
- Laboratory advancements include the production of artificial skin, cartilage, and other tissues.
- These innovations contribute to agriculture, medicine, and industrial development for human welfare.
