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Syllabus

Central Nervous System (CNS)

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Topics

  • Central Nervous System
  • Different regions of Brain and its functions

Central Nervous System:

The central nervous system (CNS) includes the brain and spinal cord. The brain, the main control centre of the body, is located within the protective cranial cavity. The spinal cord is safeguarded by the vertebral column. Surrounding the CNS are protective layers called meninges, and between these layers is a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. This fluid fills the brain’s ventricles, the spinal cord's central canal, and the spaces around the meninges. It provides nutrients to the CNS and acts as a cushion to protect it from shocks.

Structure of Brain

Brain and spinal cord

  • The brain of an adult human weighs about 1300–1400 grams and consists of approximately 100 billion neurons.
  • The left side of our brain controls the right side of our body, and the right side of our brain controls the left side of the body.
  • The left side of the brain controls speech, conversation, writing, logical thinking, etc., whereas the right side controls artistic abilities.

Left and right sides of brain

Different regions of Brain and its functions:

Part Cerebrum Cerebellum Medulla Oblongata Spinal Cord
Description The largest part of the brain, occupying two-thirds of its volume, is also called the "large brain." A smaller part is located below the cerebrum at the back of the cranial cavity. Hindmost part of the brain, connecting to the spinal cord. Part of the CNS, extending from the medulla oblongata and housed in the vertebral column.
Location Upper part of the cranial cavity Back of the cranial cavity Lower brainstem Within the vertebral column
Structure Two hemispheres joined by nerve tracts; the surface has convolutions to increase nerve cell accommodation. Surface has shallow grooves. Contains two pyramidal structures; continues as spinal cord. Tapers at the end into a thread-like structure (Filum terminale).
Functions Controls voluntary movements
Manages concentration, planning, decision-making, memory, intelligence, and intellect.		 Coordinates voluntary movements.
Maintains body balance.		 Controls involuntary activities like heartbeat, breathing, blood circulation, sneezing, coughing, and salivation. Conducts impulses between skin and brain.
Sends signals from the brain to muscles and glands.
Coordinates reflexes.
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Shaalaa.com | Neural Control and Coordination part 15 (Central Nervous System)

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Neural Control and Coordination part 15 (Central Nervous System) [00:14:53]
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Neural Control and Coordination part 15 (Central Nervous System)
00:14:53  undefined
Neural Control and Coordination part 16 (Brain: Forebrain, cerebrum)
00:11:47  undefined
Neural Control and Coordination part 17 (Forebrain :- Thalamus, Hypothalamus)
00:11:32  undefined
Neural Control and Coordination part 18 (Spinal Chord structure)
00:11:37  undefined
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