Topics
Air : a Mixture of Gases
- Occurrence of Nitrogen
- Properties of Nitrogen
- Importance of Nitrogen
- Importance of Carbon Dioxide
- Composition and Components of Air
- Water Cycle
- Air Quality
- Air Pollution and Its Causes
- Effects of Air Pollution
- Prevention of Air Pollution
Matter and Its Composition
Oxygen
- Discovery of Oxygen
- Occurrence of Oxygen
- Laboratory Preparation of Oxygen
- Properties of Oxygen
- Rusting
- Burning and Combustion
- Tests for Oxygen
- Importance of Oxygen
- The Oxygen Cycle
Physical and Chemical Changes
- Changes-Physical and Chemical
- Classification of Change: Slow and Fast Changes
- Classification of Change: Natural and Man-made Changes
- Classification of Change: Periodic and Non-periodic Changes
- Classification of Change: Desirable and Undesirable Changes
- Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
- Classification of Change: Physical Changes
- Heat and change of physical state
- Concept of Melting (Fusion)
- Concept of Boiling (Vaporization)
- Concept of Freezing (Solidification)
- Concept of Condensation (Liquefaction)
- Concept of Evaporation
- Chemical Reaction
- Indicators of a Chemical Change (Chemical Reaction)
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures (Experimental Techniques)
- Matter (Substance)
- Natural substances
- Pure Substances
- Impure Substance
- Elements
- Types of Element: Metals
- Types of Element: Non-metal
- Type of Element: Metalloid
- Type of Elements: Noble Or Inert Gases
- Symbols Used to Represent Atoms of Different Elements
- Compound
- Mixture
- Types of Mixtures
- Differences Between Elements, Compounds, and Mixtures
- Formation of Mixtures
- Separation of Mixtures
- Methods of Separation
- Handpicking Method
- Winnowing Method
- Magnetic Separation Method
- Gravitation Method
- Sublimation Method
- Solvent Extraction (Using a Separating Funnel Method)
- Sedimentation Method
- Decantation Method
- Filtration Method
- Evaporation Method
- Crystallisation Method
- Simple Distillation Method
- Centrifugation Method
- Fractional Distillation Method
- Chromatography Method
- Separation of Constituents of the Mixtures with More than Two Constituent
Atomic Structure
- Atoms: Building Blocks of Matter
- Dalton’s Atomic Theory
- Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Classification of Molecules
- Molecular Formula of an Elements
- Classification of Molecules
- Ions (Radicals) and Its Types
- Difference Between Atom, Molecules, and Radicals
- Valency
- Variable Valency
- The Modern Periodic Table
- Molecular Formula of Compounds
- Chemical Formula or Molecular Formula
- Naming Chemical Compounds
Language of Chemistry
- Chemical Reaction
- Conditions Necessary for Chemical Reactions
- Chemical Reaction
- Indicators of a Chemical Change (Chemical Reaction)
- Chemical Equation
- Balancing Chemical Equation
Metals and Non-metals
Air and Atmosphere
- Introduction
- Uses of Gases in Air
Introduction:
Air is a mixture of several gases, water vapour, and dust particles that make up the Earth's atmosphere. These gases are essential for supporting life and various processes on Earth. The amount of gases in the air is highest near the Earth's surface and gradually decreases as you go higher, which is why air becomes thinner or "rarer" at higher altitudes.
Proportions of gases in the air: Air is made up of the following gases in different amounts.
- Nitrogen (78%): The most abundant gas in the air.
- Oxygen (21%): The second most common gas, essential for life.
- Other Gases (1%): This includes small amounts of carbon dioxide, argon, helium, neon, krypton, and xenon.
Proportions of the various gases in the air
Uses of Gases in Air:
| Gas | Role in Nature | Uses by Humans |
|---|---|---|
| Nitrogen (78%) | It is very important for all living things. Plants and animals use it to build proteins necessary for the growth and repair of body tissues. | Used to make fertilisers like ammonia to help crops grow. It is also used in food packaging to keep food fresh by removing oxygen. |
| Oxygen (21%) | Oxygen is essential for respiration in humans and animals, helping them breathe and get energy from food. Plants release oxygen during photosynthesis. | Used for breathing, especially in hospitals. Important in combustion is the process of burning fuels to produce energy. |
| Carbon Dioxide (0.04%) | It is used by plants for photosynthesis to make their food and release oxygen. | Used in fire extinguishers to stop fires by cutting off the oxygen supply. It is also used in soft drinks to create bubbles. |
| Argon (0.93%) | An inert gas that doesn’t react easily with other substances. | Used in electric light bulbs to prevent the filament from burning quickly, making the bulb last longer. |
| Helium | A very light gas that doesn’t burn. | It is used in balloons and airships because it’s lighter than air. It is also used in scientific research to achieve very low temperatures. |
| Neon | An inert gas that doesn’t interact much with other substances. | It is famous for its use in bright, colourful lights for signs and street lighting. |
| Krypton | A rare gas is found in small amounts in the air. | Used in fluorescent tubes, often found in offices and schools. |
| Xenon | Like krypton and argon, it’s an inert gas. | It is used in flash photography to create bright light for cameras and in special types of lights, like those in cars. |
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