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CISCE(English Medium) ICSE Class 9
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Types of Mixtures

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Topics

  • Types of Mixtures
  • Experiment 1
  • Experiment 2

Types of Mixtures:

Type of Mixture Homogeneous Mixtures Heterogeneous Mixtures
Definition A mixture in which all components are uniformly distributed, forming a single phase. A mixture where components are distributed into two or more phases, creating a non-uniform composition.
Characteristics

The composition is consistent throughout. Individual components are not visually distinguishable.

Components are easily distinguishable. often settle into separate layers or areas.
Properties

Particles are evenly mixed, appearing the same everywhere. Usually transparent if liquid-based.

Composition varies in different parts. Often opaque or showing visible differences, especially when stirred.
Separation Methods Techniques like distillation or evaporation, but not simple physical means like filtration. Simple physical methods like filtration, decantation, or sieving.
Examples Salt dissolved in water, sugar dissolved in tea, vinegar, air, and saltwater. Sand mixed with water, oil mixed with water, salad, muddy water, granite.

Experiment 1

1. Aim: To observe how different materials mix with water or each other and classify the mixtures as homogeneous or heterogeneous.

2. Requirements

  • Apparatus: Three beakers, stirring rod.
  • Materials: Sand, water, blue vitriol crystals (copper sulphate).

3. Procedure

  • Beaker 1: Add a little sand to water and stir. Observe whether the sand dissolves or settles at the bottom.
  • Beaker 2: Add some blue vitriol crystals to water and stir. Check if the blue vitriol dissolves completely or remains visible.
  • Beaker 3: Mix blue vitriol with sand and stir. Observe if both components remain separate or mix uniformly.
Beaker Number Materials taken What change is seen on stirring? Number of phases in the mixture Types of mixture
1 Sand and water Sand settles at the bottom 2 Heterogeneous
2 Blue vitriol and water Blue vitriol dissolves completely 1 Homogeneous
3 Blue vitriol and sand Sand settles, blue vitriol remains undissolved 2 Heterogeneous

4. Conclusion: This experiment demonstrates how different materials interact when mixed, showing the differences between homogeneous and heterogeneous mixtures based on the number of visible phases.

Experiment 2

1. Aim: To examine how different mixtures behave when mixed with water, observe their transparency, and determine if they can be separated by filtration.

2. Requirements

  • Apparatus: three beakers, a stirring rod, a laser beam, paper, and a filtration setup (conical flask, funnel, filter paper).
  • Materials: common salt, sawdust, milk, water.

3. Procedure

I. Prepare Mixtures:

  • Beaker 1: Add 10 g of common salt to 100 ml of water and stir.
  • Beaker 2: Add 10 g of sawdust to 100 ml of water and stir.
  • Beaker 3: Add 10 ml of milk to 100 ml of water and stir.

II. Observe Water Phase: Look for a visible separate water layer in each mixture.

III. Transparency Test: Shine a laser beam through each beaker and observe how the light behaves on the paper in front and from the side.

IV. Filtration Test: Use a filtration setup to try to separate the components of each mixture and note whether separation is successful.

Beaker Components of the mixture Separate aqueous phase seen/not seen Transparent/Opaque Components are separated/not separated by filtration
1 Common salt and water Not seen Transparent Not separated
2 Sawdust and water Seen Opaque Separated
3 Milk and water Not seen Opaque Not separated

4. Conclusion: This experiment shows how different mixtures interact with water and whether they are transparent or opaque. It also demonstrates which mixtures can be separated using filtration.

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