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Archimedes Principle

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Topics

  • Introduction
  • Discovery of Archimedes Principle
  • Archimedes Principle
  • Experiment

Introduction:

Archimedes (287 B.C.–212 B.C.) was a brilliant Greek scientist and mathematician. He made many important discoveries, including the calculation of π (pi) through numerical methods and principles of levers, pulleys, and wheels. His inventions even helped the Greek army fight against the Romans.

Archimedes

(287 B.C. – 212 B.C.)

Discovery of Archimedes Principle:

Archimedes became well-known for his work in both geometry and mechanics. The story of his discovery is quite famous. One day, while taking a bath, he noticed that when he got into the bathtub, the water overflowed. He realised that the water level rose because his body displaced an amount of water equal to the volume of his body submerged. This observation led him to formulate Archimedes’ Principle. Excited about his discovery, he reportedly ran through the streets shouting "Eureka, eureka!" which means "I found it, I found it!"

“When an object is partially or fully immersed in a fluid, a force of buoyancy acts on it in the upward direction. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.”

Archimedes Principle:

Archimedes’ Principle states that when an object is fully or partially submerged in a fluid (like water), it experiences an upward force called buoyant force. This force is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the object. In simpler terms, an object will float if the buoyant force is equal to or greater than its weight, and it will sink if the weight of the object is greater than the buoyant force.

Applications of Archimedes principle,

  1. It is used in designing ships and submarines.
  2. The lactometers and hydrometers used for measuring the purity of a sample of milk and for determining the density of the liquids are based on the principle.

Experiment

1. Aim: To observe how buoyant force reduces the tension in a rubber band when a stone is submerged in water.

2. Requirements: A long rubber band, a clean washed stone or a 50 g weight, and a pot of water

3. Procedure

  • Cut a long rubber band and tie a stone or a 50-gram weight to one end. Hold the other end of the rubber band and make a mark at the top.
  • Measure the length of the rubber band from the stone to the mark while the stone hangs in the air.
  • Submerge the stone in a pot of water and measure the length of the rubber band again. Note that it is shorter.

Buoyant Force

4. Conclusion: The rubber band stretches less when the stone is submerged in water. This happens because a buoyant force acts upward on the stone, reducing the downward force of the stone’s weight. The reduced tension in the rubber band indicates that buoyant force opposes the stone’s weight, demonstrating Archimedes' Principle.

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