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Maharashtra State BoardSSC (English Medium) 7th Standard
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Syllabus

Oscillator, Oscillation and Oscillatory Motion

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Topics

  • Introduction
  • Experiment 1
  • Experiment 2

Introduction:

Any object that moves back and forth repeatedly around a central position is called an oscillator. For example, a swing in a garden acts as an oscillator when it moves to and fro. One complete oscillation occurs when the swing moves from one end to the other and comes back to its starting point. Every time the swing crosses the central position (the rest point marked on the ground) as it moves, it’s part of an oscillation. The back-and-forth motion of an oscillator, like the swing, on both sides of the central position is called oscillatory motion. This motion is repeated at regular intervals.

Oscillation of a swing

Experiment 1

1. Aim: To observe how the amplitude of vibration affects the sound produced by a stretched rubber band.

2. Requirements: porcelain bowl or steel glass and rubber band.

3. Procedure

  • Stretch the rubber band tightly over the bowl or glass.
  • Pluck or jerk the rubber band and observe how far it stretches.
  • Repeat the experiment with different amounts of force (light and hard plucks).
  • Observe the distance stretched and the sound produced each time.

4. Observation and Conclusion

  • Amplitude: The maximum distance the rubber stretches from its original position is the amplitude.
  • Greater Force: A larger force stretches the rubber band more, creating a larger amplitude and a louder sound.
  • Smaller Force: A smaller force creates a smaller amplitude and produces a softer sound.

This experiment shows that greater amplitude results in louder sounds, while smaller amplitude produces softer sounds.

A rubber band stretched over a porcelain bowl

Experiment 2

1. Aim: To observe and understand the amplitude of oscillation using a pendulum.

2. Requirements: Strong thread (about 0.5 meters long), small iron or wooden ball, support to hang the pendulum.

3. Procedure

  • Tie the ball to one end of the thread and suspend it from a support, as shown in the figure, to form a pendulum.
  • Pull the pendulum to one side (either towards position B or C) and release it to let it swing.
  • Observe the motion as the pendulum moves back and forth, passing through the original position A.
  • Measure the maximum distance between the original position A and the extreme positions B and C.

4. Conclusion: The amplitude of oscillation is the maximum distance between the original position (A) and an extreme position (B or C). This experiment shows how the amplitude increases when the pendulum is pulled farther from the original position.

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