A loudspeaker converts electrical signals into sound waves using electromagnetic principles. It consists of a coil, a permanent magnet, and a conical diaphragm. When an electric current flows through the coil, it interacts with the magnet's field, causing the diaphragm to vibrate. These vibrations create compressions and rarefactions in the air, generating sound waves that we can hear.
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- Introduction
- Parts of a Loudspeaker
- Working of a Loudspeaker
Introduction:
Parts of a Loudspeaker:
- Permanent Magnet: A fixed magnet inside the loudspeaker that creates a magnetic field.
- Coil: A wire wound around a core near the permanent magnet. When electric current flows through this coil, it produces a magnetic field.
- Conical Screen (Diaphragm): A lightweight, cone-shaped screen attached to the coil. This screen vibrates to generate sound waves.
- Input Signal: Electrical signals from a microphone or other audio source are sent to the loudspeaker.
Internal construction of a loudspeaker
Working of a Loudspeaker:
- When an electric current flows through the coil, it produces a magnetic field around the coil. This magnetic field interacts with the field of the permanent magnet.
- Depending on the direction and strength of the current, the coil is either attracted to or repelled by the permanent magnet. This causes the coil to move back and forth.
- The coil is attached to the conical screen (diaphragm), so as the coil moves, the screen also moves back and forth.
- These vibrations generate sound waves in the surrounding air, similar to how a tuning fork produces sound.
- The frequency of the screen’s vibration determines the pitch of the sound and the amplitude of the screen’s vibration determines the loudness of the sound.
Generation of Sound Waves,
- The back-and-forth motion of the diaphragm compresses and rarefies the air molecules around it. This creates sound waves that propagate through the air to reach our ears.
- These vibrations can be felt by gently touching the diaphragm of a working loudspeaker.
Very loud sounds can be produced using a loudspeaker, which is why they are commonly used in public places. However, as we learnt last year, sound levels around 100 decibels can be harmful to human hearing. Although loudspeakers can generate very loud sounds, there should be a limit on their loudness.
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