Goyal Brothers Prakashan solutions for A New Approach to ICSE Physics Part 1 [English] Class 9 chapter 1 - Measurements and Experimentation [Latest edition]

Select the correct option:

Which of the following is not a fundamental unit?

Select the correct option:

Which of the following is a fundamental unit?

Select the correct option:

Which is not a unit of distance?

Fill in the blank:

The unit is which we measure the quantity is called ________.

Fill in the blank:

One light-year is equal to _______.

Complete the following:

1 mean solar day = _______ s.

Fill in the blank:

One year = _______ sec

Fill in the blank:

One micrometre = __________ m.

What do you understand by the term measurement?

What do you understand by the term unit?

What do you understand by the term magnitude, as applied to a physical quantity?

A body measures 25 m. State the unit and the magnitude of the unit in the statement.

State four characteristics of a standard unit.

Define a fundamental unit.

Name fundamental units of mass; length; time; current and temperature.

What do you understand by the term derived unit?

Give three examples of derived units.

Define metre according to the old definition.

Define metre in terms of the wavelength of light.

Why is the metre length in terms of the wavelength of light considered more accurate?

Name the convenient unit you will use to measure:

length of a hall

Name the convenient unit you will use to measure:

width of a book

Name the convenient unit you will use to measure:

diameter of hair

Name the convenient unit you will use to measure:

distance between the two cities.

Define mass.

State the unit in which mass is measured in C.GS. system.

State the unit in which mass is measured in S.I. system.

Name the most convenient unit of mass you will use to measure:

Mass of small amount of medicine.

Name the most convenient unit of mass you will use to measure:

The grain output of a state

Name the most convenient unit of mass you will use to measure:

The bag of sugar

Name the most convenient unit of mass you will use to measure:

Mass of a cricket ball.

Define time.

State or define the following term:

Solar day

State or define the following term:

Mean solar day

State or define the following term:

An hour

State or define the following term:

Minute

State or define the following term:

Second

State or define the following term:

Year

A student calculates experimentally the value of density of iron as 7.4 gcm⁻³. If the actual density of iron is 7.6 gcm⁻³, calculate the percentage error in the experiment.

A student finds that the boiling point of water in a particular experiment is 97.8°C. If the actual boiling point of water is 99.4°C, calculate the percentage error.

A pupil determines the velocity of sound as 320 ms⁻¹. If the actual velocity of sound is 332 ms⁻¹, calculate the percentage error.

What do you understand by the term order of magnitude of a quantity?

Why are physical quantities expressed in the order of magnitude? Support your answer by an example.

Express the order of magnitude of the following quantity:

12578935 m

Express the order of magnitude of the following quantity:

222444888 kg

Express the order of magnitude of the following quantity:

0.000,000,127 s

Express the order of magnitude of the following quantity:

0.000,000,000,00027 m

What do you understand by the term degree of accuracy?

Amongst the various physical measurements recorded in an experiment, which physical measurement determines the degree of accuracy?

State the formula for calculating percentage error

Is it possible to increase the degree of accuracy by mathematical manipulations? Support your answer by an example.

State the factors which determine the number of significant figures for the calculation of the final result of an experiment.

The final result of the calculation in an experiment is 125,347,200. Express the number in term of significant place when accuracy is between 1 and 10

The final result of the calculation in an experiment is 125,347,200. Express the number in term of significant place when accuracy is between 1 and 100

The final result of the calculation in an experiment is 125,347,200. Express the number in term of significant place when accuracy is between 1 and 1000

The main scale of vernier callipers has 10 divisions in a centimetre and 10 vernier scale divisions coincide with 9 main scale divisions. Calculate

1. pitch
2. L.C. of vernier callipers.

In a vernier callipers, 19 main scale divisions coincide with 20 vernier scale divisions. If the main scale has 20 divisions in a centimetre, calculate

1. pitch
2. L.C. of vernier callipers.

Figure shows the position of vernier scale while measuring the external length of a wooden cylinder.

1. What is the length recorded by the main scale?
   
2. Which reading of vernier scale coincides with the main scale?
3. Calculate the length.

In figure for vernier callipers, calculate the length recorded.

(a) A vernier scale has 10 divisions. It slides over the main scale, whose pitch is 1.0 mm. If the number of divisions on the left hand of zero of the vernier scale on the main scale is 56 and the 8th vernier scale division coincides with the main scale, calculate the length in centimetres.
(b) If the above instrument has a negative error of 0.07 cm, calculate the corrected length.

(a) A vernier scale has 20 divisions. It slides over the main scale, whose pitch is 0.5 mm. If the number of divisions on the left hand of the zero of vernier on the main scale is 38 and the 18th vernier scale division coincides with the main scale, calculate the diameter of the sphere, held in the jaws of vernier callipers.
(b) If the vernier has a negative error of 0.04 cm, calculate the corrected radius of the sphere.

The least count of a vernier callipers is 0.0025 cm and it has an error of + 0.0125 cm. While measuring the length of a cylinder, the reading on the main scale is 7.55 cm, and the 12th vernier scale division coincides with the main scale. Calculate the corrected length.

The least count of a vernier callipers is 0.01 cm and it has an error of + 0.07 cm. While measuring the radius of a sphere, the main scale reading is 2.90 cm and the 5th vernier scale division coincides with the main scale. Calculate the correct radius.

Who invented vernier callipers?

What is the need for measuring length with vernier callipers?

Up to how many decimal places can a common vernier callipers measure the length in cm?

Define the term pitch.

Define the term least count as applied to a vernier callipers.

State the formula for determining a pitch

State the formula for determining least count for a vernier callipers.

State the formula for calculating length if:

Number of vernier scale division coinciding with the main scale and number of division of main scale on the left-hand side of zero of vernier scale is known.

State the formula for calculating length if:

The reading of the main scale is known and the number of vernier scale divisions coinciding with the main scale is known.

What do you understand by the term zero error?

When does a vernier callipers has the positive error?

When does a vernier callipers has the negative error?

State the correction if the positive error is 7 divisions when the least count is 0.01 cm.

State the correction if the negative error is 7 divisions when the least count is 0.01 cm.

Which part of vernier callipers is used to measure the external diameter of a cylinder?

Which part of vernier callipers is used to measure the internal diameter of a hollow cylinder?

Which part of vernier callipers is used to measure the internal length of a hollow cylinder?

The circular scale of a screw gauge has 50 divisions. Its spindle moves by 2 mm on the sleeve, when given four complete rotations calculate

1. pitch
2. least count

The circular scale of a screw gauge has 100 divisions. Its spindle moves forward by 2.5 mm when given five complete turns. Calculate

1. pitch
2. least count of the screw gauge

Figure shows a screw gauge in which circular scale has 200 divisions. Calculate the least count and radius of the wire.

Figure shows a screw gauge in which circular scale has 100 divisions. Calculate the least count and the diameter of a wire.

A micrometre screw gauge having a positive zero error of 5 divisions is used to measure diameter of a wire, when reading on the main scale is 3rd division and the 48th circular scale division coincides with baseline. If the micrometer has 10 divisions to a centimetre on the main scale and 100 divisions on a circular scale, calculate

1. Pitch of screw
2. Least count of screw
3. Observed diameter
4. Corrected diameter.

A micrometre screw gauge has a positive zero error of 7 divisions, such that its main scale is marked in 1/2 mm and the circular scale has 100 divisions. The spindle of the screw advances by 1 division complete rotation.
If this screw gauge reading is 9 divisions on the main scale and 67 divisions on the circular scale for the diameter of a thin wire, calculate

1. Pitch
2. L.C.
3. Observed diameter
4. Corrected diameter

The thimble of a screw gauge has 50 divisions for one rotation. The spindle advances 1 mm when the screw is turned through two rotations.

1. What is the pitch of the screw?
2. What is the least count of screw gauge?
3. When the screw gauge is used to measure the diameter of wire the reading on the sleeve is found to be 0.5 mm and reading on thimble is found, 27 divisions. What is the diameter of the wire in centimetres?

A micrometre screw gauge has a negative zero error of 8 divisions. While measuring the diameter of a wire the reading on the main scale is 3 divisions and the 24th circular scale division coincides with baseline.
If the number of divisions on the main scale are 20 to a centimetre and circular scale has 50 divisions, calculate

1. pitch
2. observed diameter.
3. least count
4. corrected diameter.

A micrometre screw gauge has a negative zero error of 7 divisions. While measuring the diameter of a wire the reading on the main scale is 2 divisions and 79th circular scale division coincides with baseline.
If the number of divisions on the main scale is 10 to a centimetre and circular scale has 100 divisions, calculate

1. pitch
2. observed diameter
3. least count
4. corrected diameter.

For what range of measurement is micrometre screw gauge used?

What do you understand by the following term as applied to micrometre screw gauge?

Sleeve cylinder

What do you understand by the following term as applied to micrometre screw gauge?

Sleeve scale

What do you understand by the following term as applied to micrometre screw gauge?

Thimble

What do you understand by the following term as applied to micrometre screw gauge?

Thimble scale

What do you understand by the following term as applied to micrometre screw gauge?

Baseline

What is the function of ratchet in the screw gauge?

Define the term pitch.

What do you understand by the term least count of screw?

State the formula for calculating the pitch of screw.

State the formula for calculating the least count of screw.

What do you understand by the following term as applied to screw gauge?

Zero error

What do you understand by the following term as applied to screw gauge?

Positive zero error

What do you understand by the following term as applied to screw gauge?

Negative zero error

How do you account for positive zero error for calculating the correct diameter of wires?

How do you account for negative zero error, for calculating the correct diameter of wires?

What do you understand by the term volume of substance?

State the unit of volume in the SI system.

How is the SI system of the unit of volume is related to 1 litre? Explain.

In which unit, the volume of liquid is measured?

How is this unit is related to S.I. unit of volume?

Explain the method in steps to find the volume of an irregular solid with the help of a measuring cylinder.

Amongst the unit of volume which is most suitable for measuring:

Volume of a swimming tank

Amongst the unit of volume which is most suitable for measuring:

Volume of a glass filled with milk

Amongst the unit of volume which is most suitable for measuring:

Volume of an exercise book

Amongst the unit of volume which is most suitable for measuring:

Volume of air in the room

Find the volume of a book of length 25 cm, breadth 18 cm and height 2 cm in m³.

The level of water in a measuring cylinder is 12.5 ml. When a stone is lowered in it, the volume is 21.0 ml. Find the volume of the stone.

A measuring cylinder is filled with water up to a level of 30 ml. A solid body is immersed in it so that the level of water rises to 37 ml. Now the solid body is tied with a cork and then immersed in water so that the water level rises to 40 ml. Find the volume of the solid body and the cork.

Calculate the time period of a simple pendulum of length 0. 84 m when g = 9.8 ms⁻².

Calculate the time period of a simple pendulum of length 1.44 m on the surface of the moon. The acceleration due to gravity on the surface of the moon is 1/6 the acceleration due to gravity on earth, [g = 9.8 ms⁻²]

Length of the second’s pendulum is 100 cm. Find the length of another pendulum whose time period is 2.4 s.

A pendulum of length 36 cm has a time period of 1.2 s. Find the time period of another pendulum, whose length is 81 cm.

Calculate the length of the second’s pendulum on the surface of the moon when acceleration due to gravity on the moon is 1.63 ms⁻².

The length of the two pendulum are 110 cm and 27.5 cm. Calculate the ratio of their time periods.

A pendulum of 100 cm and another pendulum 4 cm long are oscillating at the same time. Calculate the ratio of their time periods.

The time periods of two pendulums are 1.44 s and 0.36 s respectively. Calculate the ratio of their lengths.

The time period of the two pendulums are 2 s and 3 s respectively. Find the ratio of their lengths.

Define simple pendulum.

State two factors which determine the time period of a simple pendulum.

Write an expression for the time period of a simple pendulum.

Define the following in connection with a simple pendulum.

Time period

Define the terms : oscillation

Define the term amplitude.

Define the following in connection with a simple pendulum.

Effective length

What is a second's pendulum?

A second’s pendulum is taken on the surface of the moon where the acceleration due to gravity is l/6th of that of earth. Will the time period of pendulum remain the same or increase or decrease? Give a reason.

Which of the following do not affect the time period of a simple pendulum?

1. mass of bob
2. size of bob
3. effective length of pendulum
4. acceleration due to gravity
5. amplitude.

A simple pendulum is hollow from within and its time period is T. How is the time period of pendulum affected when :

1. 1/4 of bob is filled with mercury
2. 3/4 of bob is filled with mercury
3. The bob is completely filled with mercury?

Two simple pendulums A and B have equal lengths, but their bobs weigh 50 gf and 100 gf, respectively. What would be the ratio of their time periods? Give reasons for your answer.

State the numerical value of the frequency of oscillation of a second's pendulum. Does it depend on the amplitude of oscillations?

State two factors which determine the time period of a simple pendulum.

Name the device commonly used to measure mass.

Name the device commonly used to measure weight of a body.

Draw a graph of l, the length of simple pendulum against T², the square of its time period.

Define the term amplitude.

What do you understand by frequency of oscillations of simple pendulum?

What do you understand by the term graph?

What do you understand by the term independent variable?

What do you understand by the term dependent variable?

Amongst the independent variable and dependent variable, which is plotted on X-axis?

State how will you choose a scale for the graph.

State the two ratios of a scale, which are suitable for plotting points.

State the two ratios of a scale, which are not suitable for plotting points.

State three important precautions which must be followed while plotting points on a graph.

State two important precautions for drawing a graph line.

What is a best fit line for a graph?

What does the best fit line show regarding the variables plotted and the work of the experimenter?

What do you understand by the term constant of proportionality?

How can proportionality constant be determined from the best fit straight line graph?

State three uses of a graph.

How does a graph help in determining the proportional relationship between the two quantities?