Comparison of Population Composition Between India and Brazil

Sex ratio refers to the number of females per thousand males in a region. India has a low sex ratio.

The reasons for lower sex ratio are as follows:

1. Illiteracy: People are not aware of the role of women in modern society. This is because of child marriages where girls get married at an early age without having a chance to study and educate themselves.
2. Female infanticide: Even though the Government has passed many Acts to stop this inhuman act, people still prefer to have a male child due to many reasons. Hence, girl babies are killed as soon as they are born.
3. Domestic violence: Women are considered to be the weaker sex and hence crimes and violence against women is still a common feature in many of the rural households. This makes even the mother stop having a girl child.
4. Female foeticide: Due to socio-economic issues like dowry, people destroy the girl foetus in the womb itself. Many laws have been made to prevent this.
5. Poverty: Poverty is a major reason for the declining sex ratio. Families living under Below Poverty Line(BPL) generally do not want to have girl children.
6. Lack of women empowerment: Due to lack of education, women do not enjoy equal opportunities in many of the rural areas, especially in northern India.

The lower sex ratio, even in the twenty-first century is really a cause of concern.

In a country like India where we have a patriarchal society, the number of men outnumbers women.

This condition is found in almost all the states of India with Kerala as an exception.

1. Yes, there is a relationship between increase in life expectancy and growth of population.
2. Increased life expectancy means there are more people who live longer, which means healthier and better quality of life.
3. This kind of population generally prefers fewer children which leads to decreased birth rates.

1.  If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, it will have an adverse effect on the economy of a country.
2. The reason is if the working population is less, the economic activities will reduce and will have a direct impact on the economic growth and development of that nation.
3. The production will decrease in comparison to consumption leading to inflation also the per capita income and GDP will decrease.
4. Export will reduce and imports will increase.
5. The proportion of the working population will increase, slowing down the pace of development.

The study of the indices of density maps of Brazil and India clearly explains the distribution of population among the various states of both the countries.

Brazil is three times bigger than India in terms of its area. But it accounts for only 2.8 per cent of the world’s population whereas India has 16.8 per cent of the world’s population.

The northern and southern states of India are densely populated whereas the central states have comparatively less population. The northeastern states are sparsely populated.

It can be understood that the total population of states like Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Haryana and Punjab is almost equal to that of Brazil’s total population.

The country of Brazil has a denser population in its eastern states. The western and northern states are very sparsely populated.

Manpower refers to the human resource of a country. The higher the population, the greater the manpower. The increased population can be a great asset if it is used properly and productively.

Steps to utilize manpower:

1. Providing education and improving the standard of education enables the people of a country to gain appropriate skills and knowledge.
2. Based on the skills, the manpower can be classified as skilled and unskilled sector and can be placed in various industries.
3. Providing basic health facilities to all sections of labourers aid in increased productivity and prevents employees refraining from work due to health issues.
4. In large scale sectors, many training programmes can be conducted to improve the talent hidden in the employees.

The number of females per thousand men is referred to as the Sex ratio. Generally, in a country like India, the sex ratio is very poor.

Steps to improve sex ratio:

1. Educating and creating awareness among the masses about the role of women in the development of a country may improve the sex ratio.
2. Making sure that the laws against female foeticide and infanticide are followed properly.
3. Preventing child marriages to avoid the mortality of young girls.
4. Granting equal rights to women and making them enjoy equal opportunities on par with men.
5. Increasing the self-esteem of women through education, employment and independence.

Increasing population is always a concern and poses a serious threat to the economic development of the country.

Steps to control population:

1. Making people, especially the rural masses understand the problems faced due to increased population.
2. Adopting various birth control methods.
3. Providing education and eradication of poverty which indirectly helps in population control. An educated person can understand the consequences of having too many children. Similarly, if poverty is eradicated, there will be an end to child labour. Child labour persuades a poor man to have children and send them to jobs to earn for himself and his family.

These are some of the steps that can be taken to utilize manpower, improve the sex ratio and control the population of a country.

1.  If the proportion of dependent age groups increases in the composition of population, it will have an adverse effect on the economy of a country.
2. The reason is if the working population is less, the economic activities will reduce and will have a direct impact on the economic growth and development of that nation.
3. The production will decrease in comparison to consumption leading to inflation also the per capita income and GDP will decrease.
4. Export will reduce and imports will increase.
5. The proportion of the working population will increase, slowing down the pace of development.