Topics
The Living World: Adaptations and Classification
- Biodiversity
- Adaptations and Its Types
- Adaptations of Plants
- Adaptation in Aquatic Plants (Hydrophytes)
- Adaptation in Desert Plants (Xerophytes)
- Adaptation in plants of snowy regions
- Adaptation in Forest Plants
- Adaptation in Grassland Plants (Mesophytes)
- Adaptation for Ingestion of Food in Plants
- Adaptation in Animals
- Adaptation in Aquatic Animals
- Adaptation in Forest and Grassland Animals
- Adaptation in Desert Animals
- Adaptation in animals of snowy regions
- Adaptation in Aerial Animals
- Adaptation in Reptiles
- Adaptation for Food in Animals
- Adaptation for Blending with the Surroundings
- Classification of Living Organisms
- Taxonomic Hierarchy of Living Organisms: Unit of Classification
- Nomenclature
Plants: Structure and Function
Properties of Natural Resources
Nutrition in Living Organisms
- Nutrients and Nutrition
- Autotrophic Plants
- Symbiotic Plants
- Heterotrophic Plants
- Insectivorous Plants
- Saprophytic Plants
- Role of nutrients and effects of their deficiency on plants
- Transport System in Plants
- Nitrogen Fixation
- Nutrition in Animals
- Mode of Nutrition in Animals
- Holozoic Nutrition
- Saprozoic Nutrition
- Parasitic Nutrition
Food Safety
Measurement of Physical Quantities
Motion, Force and Work
Static Electricity
Heat
Disaster Management
Cell Structure and Micro-organisms
- Cell: Structural and Functional Unit of Life
- Measurement and observation of cells
- Plant Cell and Animal Cell
- Structure of the Cell
- Cell Wall - “Supporter and Protector”
- Plasma Membrane
- Cytoplasm - “Area of Movement”
- Nucleus - “Brain” of the Cell
- Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
- Golgi Apparatus - "The delivery system of the cell"
- Lysosome - “Suicidal Bag”
- Mitochondria - “Power House of the Cell”
- Non-living Substances Or Cell Inclusion
- Plastids
- Microorganisms (Microbes) and Microbiology
- Useful micro-organisms
- Harmful Microorganisms
- Pathogens: Disease-producing Micro-organisms
The Muscular System and Digestive System in Human Beings
- Muscular System
- Muscles and Its Types
- Human Digestive System
- The Mouth and Buccal Cavity
- The Teeth and Its Structure
- The Salivary Glands
- The Food Pipe/Oesophagus
- Pharynx/Throat
- The Stomach
- The Small Intestine
- Pancreas
- Liver
- The Large Intestine
- Important Glands of the Digestive System
- Effects of Tobacco, Alcohol, Smoking, on the Digestive System
Changes – Physical and Chemical
- Changes-Physical and Chemical
- Classification of Change: Natural and Man-made Changes
- Classification of Change: Harmful and Useful Changes
- Classification of Change: Slow and Fast Changes
- Classification of Change: Reversible and Irreversible Changes
- Classification of Change: Periodic and Non-periodic Changes
- Classification of Change: Physical Changes
- Classification of Change: Chemical Changes
- Corrosion of Metals
Elements, Compounds and Mixtures
Materials We Use
Natural Resources
Effects of Light
Sound: Production of Sound
Properties of a Magnetic Field
In the World of Stars
- Introduction
- Mineral resources from oceans
- Bio-resources in ocean
Introduction:
Oceans provide a large amount of energy. Sea waves, tides, and ocean currents are used to generate power. Oceans also hold a wide variety of natural resources, both in the seawater and at the bottom of the sea, known as marine resources.
Minerals and Bio-resources from Oceans:
- Billions of tonnes of minerals like tin, chromium, phosphates, copper, zinc, iron, lead, manganese, sulphur, and uranium are found in the ocean and on the seabed.
- The sea also provides gems, conches, shells, and pearls. Real pearls are very valuable, even more expensive than gold.
Oil and Natural Gas from the Ocean:
- Large amounts of mineral oil and natural gas lie beneath the ocean floor.
- Oil wells are drilled to extract these resources. In India, the ‘Sagar Samrat’ drillship drilled an oil well in 1974 at Bombay High, an offshore oilfield. The natural gas from this field is transported through a pipeline to Uran.
Mineral resources from oceans:
- Thorium is used in the production of atomic energy.
- Magnesium is used in the flash bulb of a camera.
- Potassium is the main ingredient in the production of soap, glass, and fertiliser.
- Sodium is used in the production of cloth and paper.
- Sulphate is used in making artificial silk.
Bio-resources in ocean:
- Fish like pomfret and seer fish, as well as shrimp and prawns, are sources of proteins and vitamins and are, therefore, mainly used as seafood.
- Dried shrimp and Bombay duck powder are good manure and are used as poultry feed.
- Shells are used to prepare medicines, ornaments, and decorative articles.
- Fungi are used for the production of antibiotics.
- Shark and codfish are used to produce edible oil rich in vitamins A, D, and E.
- Sea cucumbers are used as medicine to treat cancer and tumours.
Marine occupations:
- Fishing: main occupation
- Salt farming: a big industry
- Transport business: transport by sea
- Sea tourism: means of financial income
- Manufacturing decorative articles
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