Balbharati solutions for Chemistry [English] 11 Standard chapter 14 - Basic Principles of Organic Chemistry [Latest edition]

Write condensed formulae and bond line formulae for the following structure.

\[\begin{array}{cc}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\\\phantom{...}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{...}\\\ce{H - C - C - C - C - H}\\|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}|\\
\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\\end{array}\]

Write condensed formulae and bond line formulae for the following structure.

\[\begin{array}{cc}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\\|\phantom{....}|\\\ce{N ≡ C - C - C - C ≡ N}\\
|\phantom{....}|\\\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\end{array}\]

Write condensed formulae and bond line formulae for the following structure.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.......}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{O}\\
\phantom{.......}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}| \phantom{....}//\\
\ce{H - C - C - C - C}\\
\phantom{......}|\phantom{....}|\phantom{....}| \phantom{.....}\backslash\\
\phantom{........}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{...}\ce{H}\phantom{.....}\ce{OH}
\end{array}\]

Write dash formulae for the following bond line formulae.

Write dash formulae for the following bond line formulae.

Write dash formulae for the following bond line formulae.

Write dash formulae for the following bond line formulae.

Write bond-line formulae and condensed formulae for the following compound.

3-methyloctane

Write bond-line formulae and condensed formulae for the following compound.

hept-2-ene

Write bond-line formulae and condensed formulae for the following compound.

2, 2, 4, 4-tetramethylpentane

Write bond-line formulae and condensed formulae for the following compound.

octa-1,4-diene

Write bond-line formulae and condensed formulae for the following compound.

Methoxyethane

Write the structural formulae for the following name and also write correct IUPAC names for them.

5-ethyl-3-methylheptane

Write the structural formulae for the following names and also write correct IUPAC names for them.

2,4,5-Trimethylhexane

Write the structural formulae for the following name and also write the correct IUPAC name for it.

2,2,3-trimethylpentan-4-ol

Identify a more favourable resonance structure from the following. Justify.

Identify a more favourable resonance structure from the following. Justify.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\phantom{.............}\ce{O-}\phantom{......................}\ce{O+}\\\phantom{............}|\phantom{.........................}|\\
\ce{^{+}CH3 - CH = C - H ↔ ^{-}CH2 - CH = C - H}
\end{array}\]

Find out all the functional groups present in the following polyfunctional compound.

Dopamine a neurotransmitter that is deficient in Parkinson's disease.

Find out all the functional groups present in the following polyfunctional compound.

Thyroxine, the principal thyroid hormone.

Find out all the functional groups present in the following polyfunctional compound.

Penicillin G, a naturally occurring antibiotic.

Find out the most stable species from the following. Justify 

`dot"CH","CH"_3-dot"CH" - "CH"_3,` \[\begin{array}{cc}\ce{CH3 -\dot{C} - CH3}\\
|\phantom{.}\\\phantom{..}\ce{CH3}\end{array}\]

Find out the most stable species from the following. Justify.

`bar"C""H"_3, bar"C""H"_2"Br", bar"C""Br"_3`

Find out the most stable species from the following. Justify.

\[\ce{\overset{+}{C}H3, \overset{+}{C}H2Cl, \overset{+}{C}Cl3}\]

Identify the α-carbons in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.

\[\ce{CH_3 - CH_2 - \overset{⊕}{C}H-CH_2 - CH_3}\]

Identify the α - carbons in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogen.

Identify the α-carbon in the following species and give the total number of α-hydrogens.

\[\ce{CH2 = CH - CH2 - CH3}\]

Identify primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbon in the following compound.

\[\begin{array}{cc}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..................}\\
|\phantom{....................}\\\ce{CH3 - C - CH - CH2 - CH2 - CH3}\\|\phantom{.....}|\phantom{................}\\
\ce{CH3}\phantom{.}\ce{CH3}\phantom{..............}
\end{array}\]

Identify primary, secondary, tertiary and quaternary carbon in the following compound.

Match the pairs.

What is meant by homologous series?

Write the first four members of the homologous series that begins with CH₃CHO. Also, write down their general molecular formula.

Write the first four members of the homologous series that begins with H-C≡C-H. Also, write down their general molecular formula.

Write IUPAC names of the following.

Write the IUPAC name of the following.

Write the IUPAC name of the following.

Write the IUPAC name of the following.

Write the IUPAC name of the following.

Write the IUPAC name of the following.

Find out the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pair.

CH₃ – CH₂ – NH – CH₂ - CH₃ and CH₃ - NH - CH₂ - CH₂ - CH₃

Find out the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pair.

\[\begin{array}{cc}
\ce{CH3 - CH - CH2 - CH3 and CH3 - CH2 - O - CH2 - CH3}\\|\phantom{...........................................}\\
\ce{OH}\phantom{.........................................}\end{array}\]

Find out the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pair.

Find out the type of isomerism exhibited by the following pair.

Draw a resonance structure of the following:

Phenol

Draw a resonance structure of the following:

Benzaldehyde

Draw a resonance structure of the following:

Buta-1,3-diene

Draw a resonance structure of the following:

Acetate ion

Distinguish between Inductive effect and resonance effect.

Distinguish between Electrophile and nucleophile.

Distinguish between Carbocation and carbanion.

Distinguish between Homolysis and heterolysis.

Write true or false. Correct the false statement.

Homolytic fission involves the unsymmetrical breaking of a covalent bond.

Write true or false. Correct the false statement.

Heterolytic fission results in the formation of free radicals.

Write true or false. Correct the false statement.

Free radicals are negatively charged species.

Write true or false. Correct the false statement.

Aniline is a heterocyclic compound.

Phytane is a naturally occurring alkane produced by the alga spirogyra and is a constituent of petroleum. The IUPAC name for phytane is 2,6,10,14-tetramethylhexadecane. Write a zig-zag formula for phytane. How many primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary carbons are present in this molecule?

Observe the following structures and answer the questions given below.

1. \[\ce{CH3 - CH2 - CH2 - CHO}\]
2. 
   \[\begin{array}{cc}\ce{CH3 - CH - CHO}\\
   |\phantom{...}\\\ce{CH3}\end{array}\]

a. What is the relation between (i) and (ii)?

b. Write IUPAC name of (ii).

c. Draw the functional group isomer of (i).

Observe the following and answer the questions given below:

\[\ce{CH3 - CH3 ->[U.V. light] \overset{\bullet}{C}H3 + \overset{\bullet}{C}H3}\]

1. Name the reactive intermediate produced.
2. Indicate the movement of electrons by a suitable arrow to produce this intermediate.
3. Comment on the stability of this intermediate produced.

An electronic displacement in a covalent bond is represented by the following notation.

A. Identify the effect

B. Is the displacement of electrons in a covalent bond temporary or permanent.

Draw all the no-bond resonance structures of isopropyl carbocation.

1. Name the anion produced by this breaking of a covalent bond.
2. Indicate the type of bond breaking in this case.
3. Comment on the geometry of the cation formed by such bond cleavage.

Choose the correct option.

Which of the following statements are true with respect to electronic displacement in a covalent bond?

a. Inductive effect operates through π bond

b. Resonance effect operates through σ bond

c. Inductive effect operates through σ bond

d. Resonance effect operates through π bond

Choose the correct option.

Hyperconjugation involves overlap of ______ orbitals.

Choose the correct option.

Which type of isomerism is possible in CH₃ CHCHCH₃?

The correct IUPAC name of the compound is ______.

Choose the correct option.

The geometry of a carbocation is ______.

Choose the correct option.

The homologous series of alcohols has general molecular formula ______.

Choose the correct option.

The delocalization of electrons due to overlap between p orbital and sigma bond is called _______.