NCERT Exemplar solutions for Physics [English] Class 11 chapter 5 - Laws of Motion [Latest edition]

A ball is travelling with uniform translatory motion. This means that ______.

A metre scale is moving with uniform velocity. This implies ______.

A cricket ball of mass 150 g has an initial velocity `u = (3hati + 4hatj)` m s⁻¹ and a final velocity `v = - (3hati + 4hatj)` m s⁻¹ after being hit. The change in momentum (final momentum-initial momentum) is (in kg m s¹)

In the previous problem (5.3), the magnitude of the momentum transferred during the hit is ______.

Conservation of momentum in a collision between particles can be understood from ______.

A hockey player is moving northward and suddenly turns westward with the same speed to avoid an opponent. The force that acts on the player is ______.

A body of mass 2 kg travels according to the law x(t) = pt + qt² + rt³ where p = 3 ms⁻¹, q = 4 ms⁻² and r = 5 ms⁻³. The force acting on the body at t = 2 seconds is ______.

A body with mass 5 kg is acted upon by a force F = `( –3hati + 4hatj)` N. If its initial velocity at t = 0 is v = `(6hati - 12hatj)` ms^–1, the time at which it will just have a velocity along the y-axis is ______.

A car of mass m starts from rest and acquires a velocity along east `v = vhati (v > 0)` in two seconds. Assuming the car moves with uniform acceleration, the force exerted on the car is ______.

The motion of a particle of mass m is given by x = 0 for t < 0 s, x(t) = A sin 4 pt for 0 < t < (1/4) s (A > o), and x = 0 for t > (1/4) s. Which of the following statements is true?

1. The force at t = (1/8) s on the particle is – 16π² Am.
2. The particle is acted upon by on impulse of magnitude 4π² A m at t = 0 s and t = (1/4) s.
3. The particle is not acted upon by any force.
4. The particle is not acted upon by a constant force.
5. There is no impulse acting on the particle.

In Figure, the co-efficient of friction between the floor and the body B is 0.1. The co-efficient of friction between the bodies B and A is 0.2. A force F is applied as shown on B. The mass of A is m /2 and of B is m. Which of the following statements are true?

1. The bodies will move together if F = 0.25 mg.
2. The body A will slip with respect to B if F = 0.5 mg.
3. The bodies will move together if F = 0.5 mg.
4. The bodies will be at rest if F = 0.1 mg.
5. The maximum value of F for which the two bodies will move together is 0.45 mg.

Mass m₁ moves on a slope making an angle θ with the horizontal and is attached to mass m₂ by a string passing over a frictionless pulley as shown in figure. The coefficient of friction between m₁ and the sloping surface is µ.

1. If m₂ > m₁ sin θ, the body will move up the plane.
2. If m₂ > m₁ (sin θ + µ cos θ), the body will move up the plane.
3. If m₂ < m₁ (sin θ + µ cos θ), the body will move up the plane.
4. If m₂ < m₁ (sin θ − µ cos θ), the body will move down the plane.

In figure, a body A of mass m slides on plane inclined at angle θ₁ to the horizontal and µ₁ is the coefficent of friction between A and the plane. A is connected by a light string passing over a frictionless pulley to another body B, also of mass m, sliding on a frictionless plane inclined at angle θ₂ to the horizontal. Which of the following statements are true?

1. A will never move up the plane.
2. A will just start moving up the plane when `µ = (sin  θ_2 - sin  θ_1)/(cos  θ_1)`
3. For A to move up the plane, θ₂ must always be greater than θ₁.
4. B will always slide down with constant speed.

Two billiard balls A and B, each of mass 50 g and moving in opposite directions with speed of 5 ms^–1 each, collide and rebound with the same speed. If the collision lasts for 10^–3 s, which of the following statements are true?

1. The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.25 kg ms^–1 and the force on each ball is 250 N.
2. The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.25 kg ms^–1 and the force exerted on each ball is 25 × 10^–5 N.
3. The impulse imparted to each ball is 0.5 Ns.
4. The impulse and the force on each ball are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction.

A body of mass 10 kg is acted upon by two perpendicular forces, 6 N and 8 N. The resultant acceleration of the body is ______.

1. 1 m s^–2 at an angle of tan⁻¹ `(4/3)` w.r.t 6 N force.
2. 0.2 m s^–2 at an angle of tan⁻¹ `(4/3)` w.r.t 6 N force.
3. 1 m s^–2 at an angle of tan⁻¹ `(3/4)` w.r.t 8 N force.
4. 0.2 m s^–2 at an angle of tan⁻¹ `(3/4)` w.r.t 8 N force.

A girl riding a bicycle along a straight road with a speed of 5 ms^–1 throws a stone of mass 0.5 kg which has a speed of 15 ms^–1 with respect to the ground along her direction of motion. The mass of the girl and bicycle is 50 kg. Does the speed of the bicycle change after the stone is thrown? What is the change in speed, if so?

A person of mass 50 kg stands on a weighing scale on a lift. If the lift is descending with a downward acceleration of 9 ms^–2, what would be the reading of the weighing scale? (g = 10 ms^–2)

The position time graph of a body of mass 2 kg is as given in figure. What is the impulse on the body at t = 0 s and t = 4 s.

A person driving a car suddenly applies the brakes on seeing a child on the road ahead. If he is not wearing seat belt, he falls forward and hits his head against the steering wheel. Why?

The velocity of a body of mass 2 kg as a function of t is given by `v(t) = 2t  hati + t^2hatj`. Find the momentum and the force acting on it, at time t = 2s.

A block placed on a rough horizontal surface is pulled by a horizontal force F. Let f be the force applied by the rough surface on the block. Plot a graph of f versus F.

Why are porcelain objects wrapped in paper or straw before packing for transportation?

Why does a child feel more pain when she falls down on a hard cement floor, than when she falls on the soft muddy ground in the garden?

A woman throws an object of mass 500 g with a speed of 25 ms¹.

1. What is the impulse imparted to the object?
2. If the object hits a wall and rebounds with half the original speed, what is the change in momentum of the object?

Why are mountain roads generally made winding upwards rather than going straight up?

A mass of 2 kg is suspended with thread AB (Figure). Thread CD of the same type is attached to the other end of 2 kg mass. Lower thread is pulled gradually, harder and harder in the downward directon so as to apply force on AB. Which of the threads will break and why?

In the above given problem if the lower thread is pulled with a jerk, what happens?

Two masses of 5 kg and 3 kg are suspended with help of massless inextensible strings as shown in figure. Calculate T₁ and T₂ when whole system is going upwards with acceleration = 2 ms² (use g = 9.8 ms^–2).

Block A of weight 100 N rests on a frictionless inclined plane of slope angle 30° (figure). A flexible cord attached to A passes over a frictonless pulley and is connected to block B of weight W. Find the weight W for which the system is in equilibrium.

A block of mass M is held against a rough vertical wall by pressing it with a finger. If the coefficient of friction between the block and the wall is µ and the acceleration due to gravity is g, calculate the minimum force required to be applied by the finger to hold the block against the wall?

A 100 kg gun fires a ball of 1 kg horizontally from a cliff of height 500 m. It falls on the ground at a distance of 400 m from the bottom of the cliff. Find the recoil velocity of the gun. (acceleration due to gravity = 10 ms^–2)

Figure shows (x, t), (y, t ) diagram of a particle moving in 2-dimensions.

(a)

(b)

If the particle has a mass of 500 g, find the force (direction and magnitude) acting on the particle.

A person in an elevator accelerating upwards with an acceleration of 2 ms^–2, tosses a coin vertically upwards with a speed of 20 ms¹. After how much time will the coin fall back into his hand? ( g = 10 ms^–2)

There are three forces F₁, F₂ and F₃ acting on a body, all acting on a point P on the body. The body is found to move with uniform speed.

1. Show that the forces are coplanar.
2. Show that the torque acting on the body about any point due to these three forces is zero.

When a body slides down from rest along a smooth inclined plane making an angle of 45° with the horizontal, it takes time T. When the same body slides down from rest along a rough inclined plane making the same angle and through the same distance, it is seen to take time pT, where p is some number greater than 1. Calculate the co-efficient of friction between the body and the rough plane.

Figure shows (vx, t) and (vy, t) diagrams for a body of unit mass. Find the force as a function of time.

(a)

(b)

A racing car travels on a track (without banking) ABCDEFA (Figure). ABC is a circular arc of radius 2 R. CD and FA are straight paths of length R and DEF is a circular arc of radius R = 100 m. The co-efficient of friction on the road is µ = 0.1. The maximum speed of the car is 50 ms^–1. Find the minimum time for completing one round.

The displacement vector of a particle of mass m is given by `r(t) = hati` A cos ωt + `hatj` B sin ωt. Show that the trajectory is an ellipse.

The displacement vector of a particle of mass m is given by r(t) = `hati` A cos ωt + `hatj` B sin ωt. Show that F = − mω²r.

 A cricket bowler releases the ball in two different ways

1. giving it only horizontal velocity, and
2. giving it horizontal velocity and a small downward velocity. The speed v_s at the time of release is the same. Both are released at a height H from the ground. Which one will have greater speed when the ball hits the ground? Neglect air resistance.

There are four forces acting at a point P produced by strings as shown in the figure, which is at rest. Find the forces F₁ and F₂.

A rectangular box lies on a rough inclined surface. The co-efficient of friction between the surface and the box is µ. Let the mass of the box be m.

1. At what angle of inclination θ of the plane to the horizontal will the box just start to slide down the plane?
2. What is the force acting on the box down the plane, if the angle of inclination of the plane is increased to α > θ ?
3. What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane to make the box either remain stationary or just move up with uniform speed?
4. What is the force needed to be applied upwards along the plane to make the box move up the plane with acceleration a?

A helicopter of mass 2000 kg rises with a vertical acceleration of 15 ms^–2. The total mass of the crew and passengers is 500 kg. Give the magnitude and direction of the (g = 10 ms^–2)

1. force on the floor of the helicopter by the crew and passengers.
2. action of the rotor of the helicopter on the surrounding air.
3. force on the helicopter due to the surrounding air.