NCERT Exemplar solutions for Chemistry [English] Class 12 chapter 16 - Chemistry In Everyday Life [Latest edition]

Which of the following statements is not correct.

Which is the correct statement about birth control pills?

Which statement about aspirin is not true.

The most useful classification of drugs for medicinal chemists is ______.

Which of the following statements is correct?

Salvarsan is arsenic-containing drug which was first used for the treatment of ______.

A narrow spectrum antibiotic is active against ______.

The compound that causes general antidepressant action on the central nervous system belongs to the class of ______.

Compound which is added to soap to impart antiseptic properties is ______.

Equanil is ______.

Which of the following enhances leathering property of soap?

Glycerol is added to soap. It functions ______.

Which of the following is an example of liquid dishwashing detergent?

Polyethyleneglycols are used in the preparation of which type of detergents?

Which of the following is not a target molecule for drug function in body?

Which of the following statements is not true about enzyme inhibitors?

Which of the following chemicals can be added for sweetening of food items at cooking temperature and does not provide calories?

Which of the following will not enhance nutritional value of food?

Which of the following statements are incorrect about receptor proteins?

(i) Majority of receptor proteins are embedded in the cell membranes.

(ii) The active site of receptor proteins opens on the inside region of the cell.

(iii) Chemical messengers are received at the binding sites of receptor proteins.

(iv) Shape of receptor doesn’t change during attachment of messenger.

Which of the following are not used as food preservatives?

(i) Table salt

(ii) Sodium hydrogencarbonate

(iii) Cane sugar

(iv) Benzoic acid

Compounds with antiseptic properties are:

(i) \[\ce{CHCl3}\]

(ii) \[\ce{CHI3}\]

(iii) Boric acid

(iv) 0.3 ppm aqueous solution of \[\ce{Cl2}\]

Which of the following statements are correct about barbiturates?

(i) Hypnotics or sleep producing agents.

(ii) These are tranquilizers.

(iii) Non-narcotic analgesics.

(iv) Pain reducing without disturbing the nervous system.

Which of the following are sulpha drugs?

(i) Sulphapyridine

(ii) Prontosil

(iii) Salvarsan

(iv) Nardil

Which of the following are antidepressants?

(i) Iproniazid

(ii) Phenelzine

(iii) Equanil

(iv) Salvarsan

Which of the following statements are incorrect about penicillin?

(i) An antibacterial fungus.

(ii) Ampicillin is its synthetic modification.

(iii) It has bacteriostatic effect.

(iv) It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic.

Which of the following compounds are administered as antacids?

(i) Sodium carbonate

(ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate

(iii) Aluminium carbonate

(iv) Magnesium hydroxide

Amongst the following antihistamines, which are antacids?

(i) Ranitidine

(ii) Brompheniramine

(iii) Terfenadine

(iv) Cimetidine

Veronal and luminal are derivatives of barbituric acid which are:

(i) Tranquilizers

(ii) Non-narcotic analgesic

(iii) Antiallergic drugs

(iv) Neurologically active drugs

Which of the following are anionic detergents?

(i) Sodium salts of sulphonated long-chain alcohol.

(ii) Ester of stearic acid and polyethylene glycol.

(iii) Quarternary ammonium salt of amine with acetate ion.

(iv) Sodium salts of sulphonated long-chain hydrocarbons.

Which of the following statements are correct?

(i) Cationic detergents have germicidal properties.

(ii) Bacteria can degrade the detergents containing highly branched chains.

(iii) Some synthetic detergents can give foam even in ice cold water.

(iv) Synthetic detergents are not soaps.

What is the average molecular mass of drugs?

Write the uses of medicines.

What are antiseptics?

Which type of drugs come under antimicrobial drugs?

Where are receptors located?

What is the harmful effect of hyperacidity?

Which site of an enzyme is called allosteric site?

What type of forces are involved in binding of substrate to the active site of enzyme?

What is the commonality between the antibiotic arsphenamine and azodye?

Which class of drugs is used in sleeping pills?

Aspirin is pain relieving antipyretic drug but can be used to prevent heart attack. Explain.

Both antacids and antiallergic drugs are antihistamines but they cannot replace each other. Explain why?

What is a soft soap?

If soap has high alkali content it irritates skin. How can the amount of excess alkali be determined? What can be the source of excess alkali?

Explain why some times foaming is seen in river water near the place where sewage water is poured after treatment?

Which category of the synthetic detergents is used in toothpaste?

Hair shampoos belong to which class of synthetic detergent?

Dishwashing soaps are synthetic detergents. What is their chemical nature?

Draw the diagram showing micelle formation by the following detergent.

\[\ce{CH3(CH2)10CH2OS\overset{-}{O}3\overset{+}{N}a}\]

How does the branching of hydrocarbon chain of synthetic detergents affect their biodegradability?

Why is it safer to use soap from the environmental point of view?

What are analgesics?

What is the scientific explanation for the feeling of depression?

What is the basic difference between antiseptics and disinfectants?

Between sodium hydrogen carbonate and magnesium hydroxide which is a better antacid and why?

Which analgesics are called opiates?

What is the medicinal use of narcotic drugs?

What are antagonistic drugs?

What is the mode of action of antimicrobial drugs?

What is the side product of soap industry? Give reactions showing soap formation.

What is the difference between bathing soap and washing soaps?

How are transparent soaps manufactured?

What is the advantage of using antihistamines over antacids in the treatment of acidity?

What are the functions performed by histamine in the body?

With the help of an example explain how do tranquilizers control the feeling of depression?

Why are certain drugs called enzyme inhibitors?

What are fillers and what role these fillers play in soap?

Sugar is the main source of energy as it produces energy on metabolic decomposition. But these days low calorie drinks are more popular, why?

Pickles have a long shelf life and do not get spoiled for months, why?

What is the difference between saccharin and saccharic acid?

Name an artificial sweetener which is derivative of sucrose.

Name two α-amino acids which form a dipeptide which is 100 times more sweet than cane sugar?

Aspartame is unstable at cooking temperature, where would you suggest aspartame to be used for sweetening?

Sodium salts of some acids are very useful as food preservatives. Suggest a few such acids.

Explain the role of allosteric site in enzyme inhibition?

How are receptor proteins located in the cell membrane?

What happens when the bond formed between an enzyme and an inhibitor is a strong covalent bond?

Match the medicines given in Column I with their use given in Column II.

Match the soaps given in Column I with items given in Column II.

Match structures given in Column I with the type of detergents given in Column II.

Match the detergents given in Column I with their uses given in Column II.

Column I	Column II
(i)	(a) Dishwashing powder
(ii)	(b) Laundry soap
(iii) \[\ce{C17H33CO\overset{-}{O}\overset{+}{N}a + Na2CO3 + Rosin}\]	(c) Hair conditioners
(iv) \[\ce{CH3(CH2)16COO(CH2CH2O)nCH2CH2OH}\]	(d) Toothpaste

Match the class of compounds given in Column I with their functions given in Column II.

Match the classes of drugs given in Column I with their action given in Column II.

Assertion: Penicillin (G) is an antihistamine.

Reason: Penicillin (G) is effective against gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria.

Assertion: Sulpha drug contain sulphonamide group.

Reason: Salvarsan is a sulpha drug.

Assertion: Receptors are crucial to body’s communication process.

Reason: Receptors are proteins.

Assertion: Enzymes have active sites that hold substrate molecule for a chemical reaction.

Reason: Drugs compete with natural substrate by attaching covalently to the active site of enzyme.

Assertion: Chemical messengers are chemicals that enable communication of message between two neurons or between neurons and muscles.

Reason: Chemicals enter the cell through receptor.

Assertion: Transparent soaps are made by dissolving soaps in ethanol.

Reason: Ethanol makes things invisible.

Assertion: Sodium chloride is added to precipitate soap after saponification.

Reason: Hydrolysis of esters of long-chain fatty acids by alkali produces soap in colloidal form.

Assertion: Competitive inhibitors compete with natural substrate for their attachment on the active sites of enzymes.

Reason: In competitive inhibition, inhibitor binds to the allosteric site of the enzyme.

Assertion: Non-competitive inhibitor inhibits the catalyic activity of enzyme by binding with its active site.

Reason: Non-competitive inhibitor changes the shape of the active site in such a way that substrate can’t recognise it.

Assertion: Chemical messenger gives message to the cell without entering the cell.

Reason: Chemical messenger is received at the binding site of receptor proteins.

Assertion: Receptor proteins show selectivity for one chemical messenger over the other.

Reason: Chemical messenger binds to the receptor site and inhibits its natural function.

Assertion: All chemicals added to food items are called food preservatives.

Reason: All these chemicals increase the nutritive value of the food.

Assertion: Preservative are added to food items.

Reason: Preservatives inhibit the growth of microorganisms.

Assertion: Artificial sweeteners are added to the food to control the intake of calories.

Reason: Most of the artificial sweeteners are inert and do not metabolise in the body.

In what respect do prontosil and salvarsan resemble. Is there any resemblance between azo dye and prontsil? Explain.

How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.

Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimised? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

What are enzyme inhibitors? Classify them on the basis of their mode of attachments on the active site of enzymes. With the help of diagrams explain how do inhibitors inhibit the enzymatic activity.