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Maharashtra State BoardSSC (English Medium) 8th Standard
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Syllabus

Heart Disease

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Topics

  • Introduction of Heart Diseases
  • Common Reasons for a Heart Attack
  • First Aid for Heart Disease
  • Treatment of Heart Diseases

Introduction of Heart Diseases:

Heart diseases occur when the heart’s efficiency decreases due to a lack of adequate blood, oxygen, and nutrient supply to the heart muscles. When the heart does not get enough of these essentials, it needs to work much harder, causing stress. If this situation becomes severe, it can lead to a heart attack. During a heart attack, the heart muscle is damaged, and immediate medical attention is crucial to save the person’s life.

Symptoms Not to Be Ignored:

  • Severe chest pain.
  • Pains in the shoulder, neck, and arms.
  • Cramps in the hand, uneasiness, and tremors.

Common Reasons for a Heart Attack:

  1. Smoking: It damages blood vessels and increases the risk of heart disease.
  2. Alcoholism: Excessive drinking can raise blood pressure and lead to heart problems.
  3. Diabetes: High blood sugar levels can damage the heart and blood vessels.
  4. Hypertension: High blood pressure puts strain on the heart, making it work harder.
  5. Obesity: Being overweight increases the risk of developing heart disease.
  6. Lack of Physical Exercise: Inactivity weakens the heart and circulatory system.
  7. Heredity: A family history of heart disease can increase the risk.
  8. Mental Stress, Anger, and Anxiety: Emotional stress can cause spikes in blood pressure and strain the heart.

First Aid for Heart Disease:

When a person is having a heart attack, quick and proper action is critical.

  1. Call for Emergency Help: Dial 108 to get an ambulance immediately. It is important to get medical professionals to the scene as soon as possible.
  2. Check for Consciousness: Gently shake the person’s shoulders to see if they are conscious. If they are unresponsive, you must take action.
  3. Position the Patient: Lay the person flat on their back on a hard surface to ensure proper support.
  4. Perform Compression-Only Life Support (C.O.L.S.)
  • Press the centre of the chest (thorax) hard and fast with both hands at a rate of 100 to 120 compressions per minute.
  • Make sure to press at least 30 times in a continuous rhythm. This helps keep blood circulating until medical help arrives.

Treatment of Heart Diseases:

Procedure Information Working
Angioplasty A procedure to open up blocked or narrowed blood vessels in the heart. A small balloon is inserted into the blocked artery and inflated to widen it. A stent is often placed to keep the artery open.
Bypass Surgery A surgery that creates a new route for blood to flow around a blocked artery. Surgeons use a healthy blood vessel from another part of the body to bypass the blockage, restoring blood flow to the heart.
Open Heart Surgery A surgery where the chest is opened and the heart is operated on directly. Used to repair heart defects, replace or repair heart valves, or perform bypass surgery.
Heart Transplant A surgical procedure where a failing heart is replaced with a healthy donor heart. Done when the heart is too damaged to be repaired or if severe heart failure occurs, providing a new lease on life.
Installation of Stents Placing a small, expandable tube called a stent in a blocked artery. The stent helps maintain proper blood flow to the heart, especially after angioplasty.
Installation of Pacemaker A small electronic device placed in the chest to control abnormal heart rhythms. The pacemaker sends electrical impulses to ensure the heart beats at a regular and appropriate rate.
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