The climate of a particular region is determined by reviewing past studies and analysing various aspects of climatic conditions. Most countries have meteorology departments equipped with observatories, modern instruments, and technology to record and study climate. By comparing present climatic conditions with past data, scientists can predict future climate changes. However, forecasting is challenging because climate is influenced by a complex mixture of atmospheric factors. It is relatively easier to predict climate in regions where changes are slow and limited, but difficult where changes are rapid, interdependent, and complex.
- Meteorology is the scientific study of the relationships between air, natural cycles, geological movements, and climate. It includes studying storms, clouds, rainfall, thunder, and lightning, which helps in predicting weather. Weather forecasts are highly useful for common people, farmers, fisheries, aviation, water transport, and other sectors.
- The World Meteorological Organisation (WMO) was established by the United Nations on 23rd March 1950. It plays a crucial role in ensuring food security, managing water resources, and supporting transportation and communication services globally. To honour its contributions, 23rd March is celebrated as World Meteorological Day every year.
